B. Papp szerk.: Studia Botanica Hungarica 36. 2005 (Budapest, 2005)

Siller, Irén, Vasas, Gizella , Pál-Fám, Ferenc , Bratek, Zoltán , Zagyva, Imre; Fodor, Lívia: Hungarian distribution of the legally protected macrofungi species

Justification: Edible species with striking habit. Endangered because of its habitats (peat bogs) are rare and limited, as well as the forestry management causes the diminishing of its habitats (highly acidic deciduous forests). The special ecological requirements (acido- and hygrophilous, calci- and nitrophobe species) strongly limit its survival (KRIEGLSTEINER 2000). Known Hungarian records: VASAS et al. (1991): Kelemér: Kis-Mohos (in sphagneto, suh Betula), Barcs: "Ősborókás" (sub Betula). RIMOCZI (1994): Salgóvár-hegy (Querco petraeae-Carpinetum pannonicum). Sarcodon scabrosus (Fr.) P. Karst. (Thelephorales, Bankeraceae) Cap: 5—15—(20) cm, convex to flattening, middle part may be depressed; pale brown, greyish brown, chestnut brown, surface smooth, naked when young, later splitting into tiny, erect scales, spikes. Hymenium: spiky, grey, then purple brown, with 0.3-0.5 cm long spikes. Stem: 3-9 x 1-3 cm, cylindrical or thickening downwards, with elongated fibres and scales, rose-brown then dark brown, with bluish green tints at the base. Flesh: soft, thick, white, blue-green at base, scent of flour, bitter. Life-strategy: mycorrhiza. Occurrences in Hungary, habitats: June-October, in acidic deciduous and coniferous forests. Distribution, frequency: Rare, scattered throughout in entire Europe; also known from Asia and North America. In deciduous forests under Fagus, Quercus and Castanea, but in Scandinavia also under Pinus. In Europe it is found from Northern Italy through Croatia to Hungary and Bohemia, but also known from Austria, Switzerland, Germany, The Netherlands, England, the Scandinavian countries and Russia (KRIEGLSTEINER 2000). Hungarian red list category: 2. Justification: A declining species all over Europe, it is extinct in Germany since 1975, registered only at 2 spots recently (KRIEGLSTEINER 2000). All species of the genus are endangered because of air pollution and eutrophication in forests (VESTERHOLT et al. 2000). Its decline in Hungary shows in the small and decreasing size of its population. It would be important to preserve its still existing localities by leaving them intact. Known Hungarian records: PÁL-FÁM (2001): Mecsek: Vasas (Sorbo torminalis-Fagetum). LUKÁCS et al. (2001): Vendvidék: Kétvölgy (Vaccinio-Pinetum, Vaccinio-Piceetum or Vaccinio-Fagetum). BP: Vendvidék: Szakonyfalu