B. Papp szerk.: Studia Botanica Hungarica 36. 2005 (Budapest, 2005)
Siller, Irén, Vasas, Gizella , Pál-Fám, Ferenc , Bratek, Zoltán , Zagyva, Imre; Fodor, Lívia: Hungarian distribution of the legally protected macrofungi species
Studia bot. hung. 36, pp. 131-163, 2005 HUNGARIAN DISTRIBUTION OF THE LEGALLY PROTECTED MACROFUNGI SPECIES I. SILLER 1 , G. VASAS 2 , F. PÁL-FÁM 3 , Z. BRATEK 4 , I. ZAGYVA 4 and L. FODOR 5 'Department of Botany, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences of the Szent István University H-1078 Budapest, István u. 2, Hungary; E-mail: Turcsanyine.Siller.Iren@aotk.szie.hu 2 Department of Botany, Hungarian Natural History Museum H1097 Budapest, Könyves Kálmán krt. 40, Hungary; E-mail: vasas@bot.nhmus.hu •'Department of Botany and Plant Production, University of Kaposvár H-7400 Kaposvár, Guba S. 40, Hungaiy; E-mail: pjf3@hotmail.com 4 Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, Eötvös Loránd University H-1 117 Budapest, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/c, Hungary E-mail: bratek @ Indens, elte. hu, geastrum @ axelero. hu 5 Ministry of Environment and Water Office of Nature Conservation, H-1121 Budapest, Költő u. 21, Hungaiy The proposal for legal protection in Hungary compiled by the Hungarian Mycological Society includes thirty-five species of macrofungi (Amanita vittadinii, Battarrea phalloides, Cantharellus melanoxeros, Cortinarius (Phi. ) paracephalixus, Cortinarius (Phi. ) praestans, Elaphomyces anthracinus, E. leveillei, E. maculatus, E. mutabilis, E. persooni, E. virgatosporus, Endoptychum agaricoides, Geastrum hungaricum, Gomphidius roseus, Gomphus clavatus, Gyrodon lividus, Hericium cirrhatum, Hericium erinaceus, Hygrocybe calyptriformis, Hypsizygus ulmarius, Lactarius helvus, Leccinum variicolor, Leucopaxillus macrocephalus, Phylloporus pelletieri, Polyporus luberaster, Polyporus umbellatus, Pseudoboletus parasiticus, Rhodotus palmatus, Russula claroflava, Sarcodon scabrosus, Scutiger pescaprae, Squamanita schreieri, Strobilomyces strobilaceus, Tulostoma volvulatum, Volvariella bombycina). The characterisation of these species is complemented with the discussion of distribution, existing Hungarian records and the reasons for which protection is needed and proposed. Key words: distribution records, Hungary, protected species of macrofungi, red list of the Hungarian macrofungi INTRODUCTION Legal protection of macrofungi is a problem recently occupying the focus of interest of numerous mycologists worldwide. A gradual decline of macrofungi has been observed since 1960-70s (BAS 1978, ARNOLDS 1991, STEIGER 1976). This may be attributed to both natural, unfavourable weather patterns, and anthropogenic habitat disturbance and alteration, elimination of substrate lignum, use of pesticides, effects of toxic immission, etc. (WINTERHOFF 1984a, b, WINTERHOFF et al. 1984). The purpose of protection is first of all the salvage of endangered species from extinction, e.g. protecting rare and biogeographically valuable species, the type species (described in the respective country). Usually, as a first step red
