B. Papp szerk.: Studia Botanica Hungarica 33. 2002 (Budapest, 2002)

Erzberger, Peter: Funaria muhlenbergii and Funaria pulchella (Funariaceae, Bryophyta) in Hungary

VAJDA (1983) correctly quote the Dunakeszi specimen of F. pulchella, but they obviously believed that all of the other "F. muhlenbergii" records of Boros do belong to this species sensu Crundwell and Nyholm. In describing the area of F. muhlenbergii they closely follow BOROS (1968), thus implying that F. muhlenbergii is widespread, whereas F. pulchella is a very rare species in Hungary that has only been collected once near Dunakeszi (ORBÁN and VAJDA 1983). Consequently, RAJCZY (1990) considers F. pulchella to be an endangered species ("aktuálisan veszélyeztetett mohafaj") because only one site of occurrence was known. Doubts about this picture arose, when in spring 2001 the author collected F. pulchella in four different locations in Hungary. It was therefore decided, to examine the specimens of the Hungarian Natural History Museum of Budapest (BP). The results of the revision are presented in this paper. They include comments on the morphological differences between the species as seen in Hungarian material, quantitative data on stomatal number, an investigation of the coincidence between F. dentata IF. mediterranea and F. muhlenbergii IF. pulchella, a corrected geographical distribution of the species, and an evaluation with respect to their ecological behaviour, especially the phenology of sporophyte ripening. MATERIAL AND METHODS All specimens from the present territory of Hungary labelled Funaria dentata Crome or a synonym were obtained from the bryophyte collection of the Hungarian Natural History Museum in Budapest (BP). Four gatherings of the author were also included in part of the study (for a list of specimens see Appendix 1). Specimens were examined by light microscopy and revised according to the features mentioned in CRUNDWELL and NYHOLM (1974). In order to count the number of stomata, a dry capsule was boiled in 2% KOH solution for some seconds, rinsed in water, cut longitudinally in halves, emptied and mounted in water with the outer surface at the top. Using magnifications between x 100 and x400, stomata can reliably be detected. In a random sample of 6 specimens of each species a total of 47 capsules (on average 3.9 ± 0.2 capsules per specimen) was examined. Since the data did not fulfil the assumptions of parametric tests, a Mann-Whitney U-test was used for the comparison of the species. For further analysis, the sample of specimens had to be corrected for duplicates. The coincidence of earlier determinations (as F. dentata and F. mediterranea, resp.) with the results of the present revision (in terms of F. muhlenbergii and F. pulchella, resp.) was tested by chi

2 analysis. To explore possible differences in phenology of the two species, the time of collection (day, month) was evaluated. However, since the collected plants were not in the same phenological stage, the time of collection could not be used directly, but a correction was applied as detailed in Appendix 2. This results in obtaining from the date of collection an "estimated day of dehiscence" d for each specimen (counted in days from the beginning of March), i.e. the day when 50% of all capsules in the