L. Lőkös szerk.: Studia Botanica Hungarica 27-28. 1996-97 (Budapest, 1978)

Nagy, János, Figeczky, Gábor, Penksza, Károly, Fintha, István, Molnár, Attila, Tóth, Zoltán; Kalapos, Tibor: Contributions to the flora and vegetation of the Lake Bence-tó, NE Hungary

it has completely disappeared by 1995, and Sphagnum recurvum, which was sporadic aerlier, is currently quite common in the studied area. Leucojo aestivo-Salicetum Kevey 1993 This association is indicated only by a few Salix fragilis trees along the border of the lake. Querco robori-Carpinetum Soó et Pócs 1957 It is a forest stand in the eastern part and the eastern and western end of the lake. This must be the remnant of the former gallery forest. Pruno spinosae-Crataegetum Hueck 1931 This is a degraded association formed during secondary succession along dirt roads, which is found at the western end of the oxbow lake and along the road leading to the lake. Rosa canina forms a facies frequently and at some places Rosa gallica as well. Glycerietum maximae Hueck 1931 This association covers the second largest area throughout the lake and has a continuous transition toward the Carici-Typhoidetum association at the border of the lake and toward the Polygono-Bidentetum association at the deepest sites. At most places it is seriously degraded, as Cirsium arvense and Chrysanthemum vulgare are frequent, particularly at the steeper, drier sites adjacent to arable lands. Several stands in a better state have also been found, mainly at the deeper sites of the lake, where Scutellaria galericulata, Lycopus europaeus and Lythrum salicaria have a high frequency. Carici-Typhoidetum Soó 1971 This association separates the lake from the arable lands at the northern and the northeastern parts. It covers relatively large area with high abundance of Carex vulpina. Polygono hydropiperis-Bidentetum Klika 1935 This phytocoenosis also extends over a large area at the deepest point of the lake bed. It is formed at sites, covered by open water at the end of spring and at sites which have good water supply during these periods. Stands are characterized by Polygonum lapathifolium, Cicuta virosa, Carex pseudocyperus and Lycopus europaeus. Numerous dead Typha latifolia and T. angustifolia specimens were found indicating that some years ago whole year long open water surface were present there. Close to the shallow sites Bidens cernua has higher abundance.