L. Hably szerk.: Studia Botanica Hungarica 19. 1986 (Budapest, 1986)

Németh, Ferenc; Iványi, E.: Morphometrical studies on the Hungarian representatives of Ophrys scolopax Cav. agg. (Orchidaceae)

STUDIA BOTANICA HUNGARICA (Antea: Fragmenta Botanica) XIX. 1986 p. 99-113 Morphometrical studies on the Hungarian representatives of Ophrys scolopax Cav. agg. (Orchidaceae) By F. NÉMETH and E. IVÁNYI (Received November 30, 1985) Abstract: Seven quantitative and four qualitative characters were examined during three years in two native populations of Ophrys scolopax Cavan. ssp. cornuta (Steven) Camus in Hungary (Pécs and Kunpeszér). The total number of the examined individuals was 212. The observations were made on living plants in their original habitat. The locality- and generation-dependent differences were analyzed by univariate statistical tests (F, T and chi 2 tests). Significant differences between the two populations were found in some char­acters. The most consistent ones among them are the length of the horn and the colour of the sepals and petals. Furthermore, a multivariate analysis of all the observed char­acters was carried out. A similarity matrix was calculated by Gower's formula (GOWER 1971) and a dendrogram was constructed on the basis of the Sokal's weighted pair method (PODANI 1980). The dendrogram shows well separated groups. INTRODUCTION Among the European representatives of the orchid family the genus Ophrys has undoubtedly the most complicated taxonomy, and the most complex group within this genus is the series fuci- florae Rchb. (REICHENBACH 1851). Members of this series occur throughout most of the range of the genus, except for the north and northeast, and are the most variable in the Mediterranean region (DANESCH & DANESCH 1969, 1972, SUNDERMANN 1964a, 1964b). Within this series is a group distinguished by its considerably convex labellum ( O. scolopax Cav., O. oestrifera M.B.. O. attica (Boiss. et Orph.) Soó, O. schulzei Bornm. et Fleischm. etc.) ranged by SOÓ into the subseries oestriferae (SOÓ 1970). During the last 150 years the taxonomical identification of the Hungarian populations of this group has changed. Previous names were O. bicornis Sadl. (SADLER 1845, nom illegit.), O. cor­nuta Stev. 1809, O. oestrifera M.B. ssp. cornuta (Stev.) SOÓ 1931, (BOROS 1936, HORVÁT 1941, 1943, JÁVORKA 1930, KELLER SCHLECHTER & SOÓ 1930-1940) and the last valid name is 0. scolopax Cav. 1793 ssp. cornuta (Stev.) Camus 1908. The localities of occurrence of the native populations in Hungary are shown by the map (Fig. 1). Of these only the Pécs population, located in the park Pintérkert and in the forest of Lapis (several dozen exemplars) and the Kunpeszér po­pulation (several thousand ones) seem currently to be in existence. A possible taxonomical difference between the Pécs and Kunpeszér populations has been sus­pected on the basis of their considerably different ecological circumstances. The Pécs population is located in the Mecsek mountains in the remains of a karstic oak forest 'Orno-Quercetum pu­bescentis mecsekense) situated on a layer of shallow, rocky soil over a bed of limestone. Recent park development has destroyed three-quarters of the native population. The Kunpeszér population, on the other hand, resides in a slowly desiccating marsh-meadow (Molinietum coeruleae and other unidentified - mostly transitional - grassland associations) that is gradually becoming a steppe­

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