L. Hably szerk.: Studia Botanica Hungarica 18. 1985 (Budapest, 1985)
Juhász, Magdolna, Szerdahelyi, Tibor; Dávid, I.: Comparative spore morphology of the living Lycopodiaceae, I. European spores
Morphogroup III: Foveolate sculpture selago - morphotype: amb hexagonal, foveolate both proximally and distally, Huperzia selago (L.) Bernh. ex Schrank & Mart 1829 Plate ÍV., Figs 10-12. Description: trilete spores, laesurae straight, reaching the equator; length 17-20 ju. Amb hexagonal (sides facing laesura arms slightly convex, remaining sides concave).Proximal face sparsely, distal face closely pitted (foveolate). Pits 0.7-1.5 ju wide, 2-3 ju apart. Exine 2-3 n thick. Spore size: 40-46 jj. CONCLUSIONS The issues brought up in the introduction can be answered as follows: 1. Of the four Lycopodiacea genera, Huperzia spores are foveolate, those of Lepidotis hamulate and well differentiated from the other two genera. Spores of the genera Lycopodium and Diphasium are reticulate and cannot be well distinguished. Perhaps a distinction of these two genera is not valid. 2. For the characterization of the species the qualitative features of the ornamentation of the proximal and distal faces and the structure of muri were given. For the quantitative features of the ratios of exine thickness (spore size and diameter of lumina of reticulum) spore size are suitable (Table I.). 3. The spores of the Lycopodiaceae investigated by the authors are worldwide distributed. Most of them also occur in temperate, subtropic and tropic areas outside Europe. According to Ito (1978) "the fern flora of a certain region is composed of two groups of species. One of them has monolete (m) spores and the other has trilete (t) ones. The ratio of the number of the former species to the latter (ratio m:t) can be calculated and value is obtained in the region. The ratios increase as the latitude increases." The spores of Lycopodiaceae are trilete and the spores with monolete aperture occur only in small number independently of geographical latitude in maximum 1-2 % in a specimen. 4. The spores examined were placed in three morphological groups and five morphotypes. Lycopodium clavatum and some Diphasium species belong to the morphotypes clavatum. The muri are conspicuously winding on the reticulum of L. clavatum, in the case of the other species they are faintly winding or straight. 5. For a comparison of the recent spores with the fossils the descriptions of the dispersed lycopodiaceous spores from the Tertiary by Krutzsch (1963), from the Lower Cretaceous by Juhász (1975) and the illustrations in the latter paper are available (Plate V.). It can be established that the morphotypes and the types of ornamentation have only slightly changed during the evolution of the lycopodiaceous flora. REFERENCES ERDTMAN, G., BERG LUND, B. & PRAGLOWSKI, J. (1961): An Introduction to Scandinavian Pollen Flora I. - Grana Palyn. 2: 33-87. ERDTMAN, G., PRAGLOWSKI, J. & NILSSON, S. (1963): An Introduction to Scandinavian Flora IT.Almqvist et Wikseil, Stockholm, pp. 54. ERDTMAN, G. & SORSA, P. (1971): Pollen and Spore Morphology. Plant Taxonomy. Pteridophyta. Almqvist et Wikseil, Stockholm, pp. 196. GREGUSS, P. (1941): Die Sporen der Mitteleuropäischen Pteridophyten. - Mat. és Természettud. Közl. 39: 2-36. HULTÉN, E. (1958): The Amphi-atlantié Plants and their Phytogeographicae Connections. - Stockholm, 340 pp. ITO, H. (1978): Distribution of Two Spore Patterns in the Fern Floras of the World. - Journ.Jap. Bot. 53: 164-171. JALAS, J. & SUOMINEN, J. (1972): Atlas Florae Europae. Distribution Vascular Plants in Europe I. Pteridophyte. - Helsinki, pp. 121. JUHÁSZ, M. (1975): Lycopodiaceae Spores from Lower Cretaceous Deposits of Hungary. - Acta Biol. Szeged 21: 21-34. KNOX, E. (1950): The Spores of Lycopodium, Phylloglossum, Selaginella and Isoetes and their value in the study of Microsossils of Paleozoic age, - Transact, and Proc. Bot. Soc. 35 : 207-357.
