L. Hably szerk.: Studia Botanica Hungarica 18. 1985 (Budapest, 1985)

Kordos-Szakály, Márta: Stratigraphical revision of some Hungarian Badenian-Sarmatian floras

The leaf-type group assignment of the eight examined Hungarian floras are shown in Table 1. Table 1. Gregor'

s leaf-type index in the examined localities leaf types Locality a b c d f g h i k 1 m n o p q r s t U V w X Eger-Tihamér 3 4 2 4 4 3 4 3 2 3 4 - 3 3 - - 4 Buják 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 4 3 4 4 - - 4 Mikófalva 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 2 3 2 2 3 4 4 - - 4 Bánhorváti 3 2 2 4 2 1 3 1 1 3 1 3 2 1 3 4 Sály 3 3 4 2 3 2 2 3 2 3 2 1 2 4 3 4 _ _ _ Balaton 4 3 3 2 l 3 1 2 2 1 3 1 4 3 1 2 - - 3 Nógrádszakál-Páris 3 3 2 1 4 2 3 1 1 3 2 3 2 - 3 Nógrádszakál-Bertece 4 3 4 2 4 2 3 2 2 1 4 2 - As a result of this, the leaf-type composition of the individual floras can be determined and assignment can be made to the ecological flora types determined by GREGOR on the basis of the analyses of numerous samples. GREGOR (1982) has separated the following flora types: fgilm-flora: deciduous, with few exotic elements, juglandoiden, aceroiden, quercoiden and carpinoiden (Pliocene, MN 10 zone) defgikm-flora: deciduous, with more exotic elements, conifers and other components like above (Pliocene, Upper Miocene, MN 9 zone) dg-flora: a sub-unit of the previous zone, pine-maple flora (Pliocene, MN 9 zone) defgm-flora: a part of the defgikm-flora, rich in conifers and characterized by a special Gingkoform (Upper Miocene, MN 8/9 zone) eilmp(h)-flora: a flora characteristic for humid environment with Populus

, Salix, Quercus and few exotic elements (Upper Miocene, MN 7/8 and 8 zones) ab(h)-flora: typically deciduous flora with high number of evergreens, especially with laurel-leaf types and smaller leguminous plants (Middle and Upper Miocene, MN 4-7 zones) abehlm-flora: a sub-unit of the previous one characterized by the Daphnogene

s often occurring monotypically, with many exotic elements, smaller leguminous plants and carpinoid form (Middle Miocene, MN 5-7 zones) abdeim-flora: a somewhat older assemblage, but not very much different from the previous one (Lower Miocene, MN 4b/5 zones) adgi-flora: an Acer-Quercus predominated flora with great number of indeciduous elements and cinnamonides and palm trees (Upper Oligocène, Lower Miocene, MN 1-3 zones) The characteristic leaf types and GREGOR'

s flora-types of the eight Hungarian floras examined are the following: Bánhorváti fgikm defgikm(o) Balaton fgimo defgikm(o) Sály fgilm defgikm (o) Mikófalva bgilm defgikm(b) Buják bgilm defgikm(b) Paris fgilm defgikm(u) Bertece gilmou defgikm(u) Eger-Tihamér elmnqr eilmp The letter codes characteristic for the leaf types help us to determine the floras that are very similar to each other. Similarity of the Bánhorváti-Balaton-Sály, Mikófalva-Buják (completely identical!), Paris-Bertece sites and the independence of the Eger-Tihamér site could be ascertained (Tig. 1). These results are concordant with the time-distance analyses based on the common species and the kindred circles, and the flora sequence defined by cluster analysis. Assignment of the eight Hungarian floras to the Gregor-flora types represented a more difficult task. It seems evident however, that all sites represent a transition between the fgilm and defgikm floras, except for the Eger-Tihamér assemblage, and could be classified into no other group. Considering the leaf-type codes, they are nearer the flora type fgilm. However, based on the relevant descriptions and chronological correlation they can be assigned to the defgikm flora-