Zs. P. Komáromy szerk.: Studia Botanica Hungarica 13. 1979 (Budapest, 1979)
Révay, Ágnes: The metabolism of Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq. ex Fr.) Kummer, Pleurotus florida Block and Pleurotus cornucopiae Paul. ex Fr. from taxonomical and other viewpoints
tation in growing Pleurotus ostreatus in artificial culture medium was begun between 1945 and 1950. (LABORDE-DELMAS 1974). The industrial bases for producing the substrate and the fruit bodies were developed by Heltay et al. (1971), Junkova (1971), Kalberer and Vogel (1974), Stanek and Rysava (1971), Zadrazil and Schneidereit (1972), Zadrazil (1973). (ZADRAZIL 1974). Eger imported Pleurotus florida , and it was first grown in 1963, in Max-Planch Institute (RUTTEN 1975). Material and method - Investigations were carried out on 6 kinds of substrates with 3 Pleurotus species. The substrates were collected by selection from waste-materials obtained from agricultural and light-industrial factories. The substrates were as follows: I. Of factory origin (the composition of the substrate used on a large scale at present is: wheat-straw: corn-cob 3:7) II. Corn-cob ( Zea mays ) III. Corn stalk ( Zea mays ) IV. Poplar saw-dust ( Populus sp. ) V. Sorghum stalk ( Sorgum sp. ) VI. Barley-straw ( Hordeum sp. ) Stages of preparing the substrate: Drying, crushing, soaking, pouring into petri-dishes, sterilization in autoclave, at 1 atm pressure for about 30 minutes. Grafting: the sterilized substrates were grafted in grafting chambers, under sterile conditions. The maintenance of the cultures: During the period of interweaving they were kept at constant temperature, in a thermostat at 22 C°. After complete interweaving they were placed into such chambers where the quantity of light, air, and temperature necessary for the formation of the fruit bodies were ensured. The materials grafted wit h Pleurotus ostreatus were placed for several days into a chamber with temperature at 5-6 C° for them to undergo the necessary cold effect. The examined parameters - We examined to what extent some strains and the same strain utilize certain substrates. We measured the rate of interweaving and determined the sugar, lignin and cellulose content. The rate of interweaving was determined by measuring the diameter of the thallus at 3-4 day intervals, up to the time of full interweaving. To carry out investigations into the internal contents, samples were taken from the initial materials, then from the cultures on three occasions. The first sample was taken after the interweaving started, the second sample on the appearance of the fruit bodies, the third sample after cutting of crops. Method of evaluation - 1. Determination of total sugar content (Anthron method). The sugar component or components with the anthron in sulphuric acid medium produced a greenish-blue colour. The intensity of the colour obtained depends on temperature, period of warming, and on the concentration of sulphuric acid and anthron. 2. The determination of the filament content was carried out in two phases. First we determined the lignin content, then the cellulose content, on the basis of Edwards' method. Result of the examinations - By measuring the rate of growth it could be stated (Table 1) that of the three species Pleurotus florida showed the highest
