Torsello, Davide - Pappová, Melinda: Social Networks in Movement. Time, interaction and interethnic spaces in Central Eastern Europe - Nostra Tempora 8. (Somorja-Dunaszerdahely, 2003)
Interaction, migration and change
From East to West: The Roma migration from Slovakia 209 8 See: “Segregation in Eastern Slovakia”: Hornak 2000 (“Porovnám segregace dvou rómskych osád na východnľm Slovensku"). Thesis, Department of Social and Cultural Anthropology, University of Plzeň. 9 See: "Expert: Roma’s life is worse" (“Expert: Romúm se žije húf”), in: MF Dnes, 8 September 2001, p. 1, 8. 10 According to the information published in the Roma press, the usury practices were known already in the year 1995. Only in the year 2001, cases of some usurers from Ústľ nad Labern were passed on to the prosecutor. In: “It was known that usurers existed.” Romano kurko 11 May 2001: 8. For further details concerning the usury issues, see below articles: Vojtech Lavička, "Rom Romestar na coda? (“A Roma won’t rob a Roma?") In: Amaro Gendalos, 5/5, May 2001,14-16; Jana Koláčková, Loans and usury (legal consulting) In: Amaro gendalos, 5/5, May 2001, 17; Soňa Kalejová, Fight against usury In: Amaro gendalos, 5/4, April 2001, 3; Roman Krištof, Usury (commentary) In: Amaro gendalos, 5/4, April 2001, 12. 11 See: Usury clan in the background, Moment, 14 April 2000. 12 Kužel 2000: 152. 13 An employee of the commission for the prevention of criminality of the Ministry of the Interior, Radek Jiránek reveals that in the Czech Republic, thousands have been afflicted by the problem of usury, possibly tens of thousands. Exact data is not available. The police in the 2001 report listed only a small number of registered and reported cases of usury. However, estimates of social workers in the field, Roma themselves and Roma counsellors confirm that usury occurs in every community where the environment is appropriate. In: http://www.infoservis.net/ tema.php3?cid=1015433326 14 Information taken mainly from the Seminar of Roma Counselors in Veiké Karlovice in the Vsetin region, which took place on 28- 30 April 2002. The event was organized by the Council of the Czech Government for the affairs of the Roma community. 15 The association People in Need on the problem of poverty and usury regularly posts information on its website: http://www. infoservis.net/tema 16 Information from a discussion at a meeting of the UNHCR in Prague on 13 May 2002. 17 The migration movements of Roma to Germany started in the early 1990s, the first big group of asylum seekers being from Romania. Approximately 60,000 Romanian Roma sought political asylum in Germany in the period 1990-1995. As a reaction
