Torsello, Davide - Pappová, Melinda: Social Networks in Movement. Time, interaction and interethnic spaces in Central Eastern Europe - Nostra Tempora 8. (Somorja-Dunaszerdahely, 2003)
Aknowledgement
Social networks and social capital 17 the public good. In the case of informal social capital, this is related to personal networks and relates more to individual, personal goods. Formal social capital can be multiplied and enhanced by encouraging public participation in civil society (in the example of Putnam by participation in football clubs and choral associations), whilst in the case of informal social capital it can be enhanced through investment in social contacts which may be of use to the individual. Both Coleman and Putnam tend to elide the difference between the two in a rather romanticised ideal of social capital as something which builds on personal networks to enhance public institutions. Hence, for these authors, informal social capital and formal social capital reinforce one another in the creation of public good, although the mechanisms by which this happens are far from clear. Formal social capital is related to universalistic norms, often legally enforced and a more open and "extended trust”, whilst informal social capital is related more to a particularistic form of social organisation and "ascribed trust” based upon personal relations (Raiser 2002). In his more recent work, Putnam addresses the apparent incompatibility between the two types of capital (Putnam 2002). He defines “bonding social capital" (or informal in our terminology) on the one hand, which involves the close social links between people who look after each other and therefore reinforce a closed community. On the other hand there is "bridging social capital” which makes links between different groups and is facilitated by civic participation. formal social capital informal social capital Putnam Bourdieu, Coleman public institutions, trust and public participation personal networks related to public good related to personal good universalistic particularistic achieved trust ascribed trust bridging social capital bonding social capital
