Bukovszky László (szerk.): Egy régió története a XI. századtól 1945-ig. Mátyusföld - Lokális és regionális monográfiák 4. (Komárom-Dunaszerdahely, 2005)
Helynévmutató
independence was concluded and this indicated the reconstruction of the land, which went with the alteration of the region's economical and ethnic system. After Mohács, from the middle of the 16"' century the regular struggles for the throne and the battles with the Turks gave birth to a new kind of a noble society. The posts of earls of Pezinok and Svätý Jur, of the Serédy, the Borsy, the Báthori and the Thurzó family were occupied by the new up-and-coming aristocratic families in the region. The Pálffy family were the most influential aristocratic family nationwide until the 20“’ century thanks partly to their title of Lord Lieutenant of Bratislava County and partly to the royal bounty given by the Esterházys from Galanta. In Mátyusföld from the 16lh and 17* centuries out of peer and landholder noblemen there existed a stratum of lower nobility as well, who became quite polarized from an economical point of view. Most of them lived in market towns, outside the villages. During the 17* and 18“’ centuries Senec, Veľký Biel, Kajal, Košúty, Reca, Vlčany and Galanta had relatively numerous communities of lower nobility. In Bratislava County in 1650 there were 383 families of lower nobility, as in 1723 their number was estimated to 285 in the above mentioned region. Thel9th century demands for reforms culminated in March, 1848. The new acts sanctified by the Monarch on 11“’ April, 1848 framed the base of a civil democratic country, but these were only partially vindicated because of the spoiled Austro-Hungarian relations. In spite of that equality in the eye of the law, the right to vote, the right of assembly .general and proportionate sharing of taxation, the abolition of serfs’ socage services took out certain reactions. In the autumn of 1848 the country was in flames. On the occasion of the Slovak National Movement's armed counter-attack the region’s militia pulled their weight in the interception of the Hurbanists in the north-western ends of the country. Alongside the militia there started a kind of arranging the national army. The freshmen of the Region were enrolled to the 15'" and 16“’ battalion. The imperial-royal units breaking through the western frontiers of Bratislava and Nitra County already at the end of December kept the territories of Mátyusföld westward from the river Váh under control. During the successful campaign launched in April the imperial forces were pressed back by the national army. The alimentation of the imperial forces prepared for the countryside’s defence burdened the population more and more. By the summer Mátyusföld became a strategically very significant territory. The principal national forces launched a consistent attack against the imperial troops aligned behind the Váh line. In the battle of Žiharec on 16“’ June, 1849then in the battle of Tešedíkovo on 20“'-21stJune the national army fought bitter battles under Görgei’s direction against the imperial and tsarist troops being in full power. The relatively peaceful cycle in the second half of the 19'" century was followed by a bloody period, which led to theWorld War I. After losing the war a dominant great power - the Austo-Hungarian Monarchy collapsed along with the historic Hungary. In the first week of January, 1919 with the Allies’ approval there began the occupation of the Uplands. The demoralized national army and the militia armed with remained weapons in some places tried to impede the incoming Czech and Slovak units (Veľká Mača, Galanta, Košúty, Veľké Úl’any, Diakovce), however most people accepted it quietly. Basically the majority hoped for lawful keeping of public order, and took the presence of the military as a temporary solution. Political and authority circumstances developed in the first third of the 20h century divided the relatively united Europe. With Germany’s political and economical territory gaining Europe’s map was redrew. Czechoslovakia's unsolved inner and ethnic problems and the strengthening German pressure brought the fall of the republic in Munich, in autum, 1938.At the same time the question of the Hungarians living in Slovakia was still waiting for an answer, a solution from the Munich Act. According to the First Viennese Verdict it was materialized from2nd 380
