Gecse Annabella: Az etnikai és társadalmi átrendeződés folyamata egy gömöri falu 20. századi életében - Interethnica 10. (Komárom-Somorja, 2007)

Irodalom

with the inner social articulation of the village I attempted to show not only the differences between the former villain and lower nobles, but I characterize the classes formed in the point of view of estate and property. The articulation of the village society mainly apprehensible in the case of the differences of estates. The fact that it was kept in evidence shows that it was the most important measure of value and in point of social discretion it firstly had the function of a sign for the families. Baraca was touched by the emigration to America but as most of the emigrants returned, the motivation of the temporary emigration can be seen: obtaining the position of a higher rank (i.e. more land) in the community which judge in the point of wealth. The other directing force of the village community is the aggregation based on blood and kindred i.e. the family institution and the system of kindred whose features of naming and function are analysed. The large and small families were common in Baraca in the beginning of the 20th century. It is also well traced that - otherwise this is well known from literature - the potency of the husbandman remained in the small family. The meaning of the puissance faded, but the „institution” activated in the time of outside „attack”, so it proved temporarily organizing force. The other „peculiarity” of the system of kindred in Baraca was the extraordinary importance of mock-kinship. The choosing of the „crony" was a decision for life. Beside that its importance was in a village society getting in a crony-relation with someone meant a chance to strengthen the net of family relations through the individual, heighten the position and shift the estimation into positive direction. Therewith for the smallness of Baraca the kindred completed with mock-kinship interwove the whole village, in the net of relations everyone related to everyone in some way. Analysing the groups of sex and age it can be established that the marriage has the role of watershed in organizing such interim small communities. After that the communal occasion with the function of amusement in the case of men becomes strongly limited, but in the case of women almost ceases. Surveying the local relations it came to light that they are - compared with the case of other settlements known from literature - not too intense, but positive. The members of the community take precious good care of maintaining that. The outline of the forms of work-organizations connects more emphatically to the statements of the literature, because in spite of the well-researched of county Gömörthis subject (and business-organization) was not dealt with, László Szabó is the only exception. In the course of my work I followed László Szabó’s interpretation, I constructed the show of work-organizations according to his system: I characterize not only the simple co-operations, individual and family work, but I also aggroup the joint-work according to the reasons of forming the fellowships. Among these features of work-organization emerges a specialty for the situation of Baraca, the total lack of wagework. The lack of voluntary co-operative help is prominent and seemingly without reason. My informants gave reason for that without question that this form is incompatible with the concentration on the own benefit and own work, which featured the families in Baraca as early as the 1940s.

I demonstrate the function of business-organization forms with the help of farming of four different families with different extent of land and legal status. Behind the nature of business-organizations the mental differences of families can be seen in each case. Comparing with datas on other settlements known from literature, my research results in Baraca confirm the estimation of László Szabó, who expressed that the forms of workand business-organizations show regional variations like other fields of culture. That’s why they - as a slice of culture - are fit to characterize groups, regions and settlements in the possession of appropriate research results. It can be estimated that in conformity with the opinions of my informants on the village-organization and ruling legal system, Baraca was a well-controlled and well ordered village in the first half of the 20th century.

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