Liszka József (szerk.): Az Etnológiai Központ Évkönyve 2005 - Acta Ethnologica Danubiana 7. (Dunaszerdahely-Komárno, 2005)
Tanulmányok - Frolec, Václav: Közép- és Délkelet-Európa, mint kulturális tér: a népi kultúra dimenziói
Kulturní prostor strední a jihovýchodní Evropy - dinienze lidové kultury (Résumé) Kulturní jednota Evropy souvisí s pojetím jednoty kultury a její ruznorodosti. Je postavená na vedomí spoločného základu, nčmžjsou pevnými p i I í f i antická kultúra a kŕesťanství. Lidová kultúra evropských národu a jednotlivých částí Evropy je součástí, modalitou života evropského, Jedním z prvkü evropského kulturního základu jsou rolnické zdroje. Strední Evropa je otevreným a prechodným regionem z hlediska geografického i kulturního. Balkánský poloostrov tvorí kulturní most mezi Východem a Západem, Evropou a Asií. (Etimológia Európáé Centralis. Časopis pro národopis strední, východní a jihovýchodní Evropy I. Brno 1992, s. 11 23.) Cultural Space of Central and Southeastern Europe: Dimension of Folk Culture (Summary) Cultural identity of Europe is connected with the concept of cultural unity understood as unity in variety. Cultural identity of Europe is based on the feeling of common basis the firm pillars of which are antique culture and Christianity. One of the roots of European culture is rural culture and agrarian thinking of the country folk in European national communities. Important and in many aspects even principal impulses, also came from other parts of society. European culture has been developing in the context of world culture, whose integral part it forms and for which it even serves as a model in many respects. It is rich in different streams, sources, bases and national traditions. Can we speak of philosophy of the folk culture history? The author does not agree with the opinion that folk culture has no history. It has its history, however, its course differs from that of general history. Hence, if folk culture is a historical category, we can speak of its historical purpose, of its philosophy. Folk culture of European nations and individual parts of Europe is modality of European life. From geographical and cultural viewpoints Central Europe is an open and transitive region. A special position in Central Europe has the Danubian Basin. Special cultural functions were also fulfilled by the Carpathians especially their western part. If the Carpathians separated cultural centres of lower order, the Alps are located between two extraordinarily intensive action centres - Italy and Rhineland. The Alps mediated spreading of South-European culture to the territory of Central Europe. The Balkan peninsula forms a cultural bridge between the East and the West, between Europe and Asia. The determining factor for formation of a characteristic historical and ethnographic region in the Balkan peninsula was its geographic character and location. The geographic organism of the peninsula consists of a compact mass connected in the north to the European continent by the Dinarian Massif and the Carpathian Balkan Arch. The mountains in the mirth of the Balkan peninsula, however, did not serve as a barrier to the rest of Europe but as a connecting link. Man and cultural values he creates change with the historical time. Inhabitants of Europe in the 14th and 15ill centuries were of different mentality than those of the 16th and 17th centuries or even those of the 13th, 19th and 20th centuries. Simultaneously, their cultural horizon has been changing as well. In Central Europe it involved not only changes in production, discoveries, inventions, civilization processes in the way of living. Above all it was the intellectual atmosphere of the time. Continuity of some of the folk culture processes tan be presumed from the Gothic period up to Romanticism. In both the intcleetual epochs the human mentality was united in struggle for freedom. In Central Europe, folk culture of individual historical epochs has its own purpose, its philosophy. Compared to the situation in Central Europe, in the Balkan peninsula some special features of the philosophy of folk culture history can be 57
