Liszka József (szerk.): Az Etnológiai Központ Évkönyve 1999 - Acta Ethnologica Danubiana 1. (Dunaszerdahely-Komárom, 2000)
Tanulmányok - Vareka, Josef: Az Osztrák Monarchia "néprajzi" térképe 1856-ból és Csehország lakosságának mai etnikai alapú önmeghatározása
Acta Ethnologica Danubiana 1 (1999), Komárom-Komárno A Contemporary Understanding of the National Question According to the „Ethnographische Karte der Oesterreichschen Monarchie” Together with the Current Form of National Self -Identification in the Czech Lands Josef Vaŕeka The Austrian Monarchy’s ethnographic map is a supplement to a three-volume work entitled Ethnographie der Oesterreichischen Monarchie in which Karl Freiherr von Czoemig elaborated on the results of the monarchy’s population census of 1851 (Czoemig 1857). Both the map and works are described as an ethnographic compilation. However, the author did not consider either the ethnological or language maps, but a nationality map (Czoemig 1857, 1, X). However, K. Czoemig continued to take the language situation into consideration, his own solution to his continuous classification effort. According to Czoemig’s map, the territory of the contemporary Czech Republic was inhabited by northern Slavs and Germans. He mentioned that the northern Slavs had included the Czechs, Poles and Ruthenians who were only to be found in the northeastern part of the monarchy. In his view the Germans were divided into upper and lower Germans whereas the Slav population in the northern part of the monarchy was divided into Czechs (Čechen) residing in Bohemia, Moravians (Maehrer) in Moravia and Slovaks (Slovaken) residing in Upper Hungary. His map shows that this entire Slav territory is consistently marked in yellow and that the Slav inhabitants of the respective lands are marked with the same type of letters. However, in one particular publication, the author also uses the term Czechs (Čechen) to include the Moravians (Maehrer) and Slovaks (Slovaken); the Slav inhabitants of Bohemia were described as Böhmen (Czoemig II, 1857, 148-149). The map as well as the publication also refer to those Czechs residing outside their own territory - that is in Austria, Galicia, Slavonia and in the military border areas. Concerning these statistical data, the author no longer distinguished between the Czechs and Moravians but only between the Czechs and Slovaks. This reality as well as other forms of evidence make us judge that by distinguishing the Czechs and Moravians with respect to their own territory, Czoemig had rather considered their identification with the Moravian land - that is, their territorial appurtenance instead of their own national identity. In writing about the Czech - Moravian land boundary, Czoemig had actually put an emphasis on a single language throughout both those territories though they bear two different dialects. Czoemig maintained that the Czech - Moravian land boundary reflected those respective dialects. A similar case also had to do with the Moravian — Hungarian (Slovak) boundary due to their two different dialects. Consequently, the language map does not even mention this fact (Czoemig I, 1856, 43). While Czoemig’s map depicts Bohemia as a somewhat unified territory in ethnic terms, with the exception of its border areas, Moravia, including the Opava and Tisín regions of Silesia, appears as a creation that is more complicated in cultural and national terms. Actually, furthermore, the author divides the people of Moravia into Mountaineers in the Czech-Moravian Highlands, the Hand inhabitants of Central Moravia and the Wallachians 51
