Szabolcs-Szatmár-Beregi levéltári évkönyv 15. (Nyíregyháza, 2001)

Rezümék (angol, német)

SZÁSZI, FERENC: Data on the Migration of the Population of Szabolcs-Szatmár County in Hungary and within the Counties Following the method of the census statistics and with the help of the natural reproductive rate it can be figured out how much the population present should have been. Compared it to the actual number of the population we can get the migratory difference. The essay examines the numerical changes of the population of Szabolcs, Szatmár and Bereg counties considering the internal migration from the 1860's using demographic data. (The counties were changing administrative units in the era.) The data (examined in details) of the population in the 1940's were highly affected by World War II and the events following it. The human casulties in the war were due to mortality, the deportation of the Jewish population, the deportation by the Russian troops, Slovakian-Hungarian population exchange as well as the active migration within the country. The examined counties belonged to a region which was hardly affected by industry. The agricultural and industrial development was not as quick as the population increase. The significant natural increase of the counties contributed not only to the local rise of the population but also to the satisfaction of the labour demand of Hungary's industrial counties and towns, mainly Budapest. FEKETE, ZOLTÁN: Coins in Europe Considering the material of coins earlier noble metals such as gold and silver were dominant. In the meantime the two noble metals lost their function to be the symbol of money or its value of exhange. By now all noble metal coins have been withdrawn from circulation. Modern coins resemble gold or silver only in their colour. European countries established the European Latin Coin Union as early as the 19th century (Paris, 23 December 1865). Both the amount of money that each country was allowed to mint and the conditions of changing money between the member countries were determined. Thirteen countries joined the Latin Coin Union, which existed until 1927. Its result was that the Union standardized the base units and the size of the different national coins. The Latin Coin Union can be considered the forerunner of the 'euro' not only formally but also from the point of view of its contents. The standard money of the European Union is the 'euro'. The introduction of the common currency was decided in 1992. Then in 1995 the name itself was born. It was introduced as account money in some member countries in 1999. According to the plans it is going to become the official money of EU member countries by 2002. The essay shows the European coins used in 2001 in tables with data of the issuer countries and the date of issue.