Szabolcs-Szatmár-Beregi levéltári évkönyv 13. (Nyíregyháza, 1999)

Rezümék (angol, német)

Géza Szabó FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT OF NYIRBATOR IN THE AGE OF DUALISM The history of Nyirbator in the age of the dualistic kingdom is a spectacular example of early capitalistic development of provincial towns. The town lost its rank of a provincial town. Capitalisation of local economy — the increase of the proportion of people earning a living in industry, and the increasing number of small factories generated major changes in the society of Nyirbator, although the town was lagging behind the rapid pace of urbanisation observed elsewhere in Hungary and other parts of the dual Monarchy. The leadership of the town dreamt about regaining the rank of a provincial town, but their chances became smaller and smaller, as such issues were not decided on local level — the role assigned to a territory by the central government was much more important. It explains why the possibilities of the leadership of the town were limited, especially in terms of managing the property of the settlement. The problems were worsened by the fact that old (feudal) revenues diminished, and there were hardly any sources of new income. Liquidity difficulties, inadequate management and heavy indebtedness made managing and governing Nyirbator difficult at the turn of century. The result was a strangely contradictory situation, in which a layer of burghers became wealthy, whereas the town itself grew increasingly poor. In addition to the emergence of a layer of wealthy burghers, the town also witnessed the appearance of a large number of people living in poverty and deprivation unheard of before. As a result the assembly of representatives was dissolved, and the autonomy of the management of the town suspended. The new leadership did not have a chance of proving its competence: the revolution and the Versailles peace treaty disrupted the old order in Central Europe, presenting entirely new circumstances. Ferenc Sipos THE BIRTH OF UJFEHERTO The local historian dealing with the history of Ujfeherto is not able to rely upon related literature — no monographs and essays have been produced in this topic, and the historian is to be content with small fragments of information. Not even the year when Ujfehero was established has been identified! The opinion of professionals and laymen is divided. The author analyses 14 opinions regarding the establishment of the settlement. The opinions fall into two categories: some believe that the village was established well before 1526 (most of the alleged data come from the first half of the 14th century, whereas other believe that Ujfeherto was established even a whole century earlier). According to the other group