Bakayné Perjés Judit - Hetényi Gézáné - Horváth József szerk.: Textilipari Múzeum Évkönyve 3. 1980 (Budapest, 1980)
Tanulmányok, közlemények - Dr. Endrei Walter: Középkori textilbélyegekről
At the Flanders and in Italy sealing of shawls was common from the second half of the 13th century. In the Middle Ages it was straggling. In France, England and Germany it became wide-spread only in the 15-16th century, later it was applied in the case of quality control of- linen, cotton and silk textiles. Its decline began by the establishment of manufactures and the development of factories . flp. B. EHflpeH: CpeflHeBeKOBbie Te kct h jib Hue ne^aTH 06o6meHHe flejiB HacTOHweft Hay^Hoß CTaibH: HanpaBHTi BHHMaHHe Ha sanymeHHyw oTpacjiB TencTHjibHOH npoMBHiineHHocTH - Ha ne^aTäHbe njiaTKOB h «pyrnx TKaHefl. B cTaTte, b nepByio o^epeiiB, onHCbiBaeTCH pojib caHHoro oöbiyan b uexoBUX cHCTeMax h «aeTCfi nonuTKa peKOHCTpyHpoBaTB npoHcxoameHHe oöhnan. no MHeHHK aBTopa, npoHcxo>Kí(eHne aaHHoro o6tjqaH íjojiaho hmctb inecTO b BH3aumH, rfle Ha^íHHan c paHHero cpe«HeBeKOBBH , TOBapu noxuieacamHe o6jio)KeHHKj nownHHOfl, ocoöeHHO iuejiKOBHe tk3hh , HaxoflHiuHecH non uesapbCKOß MOHonojiHefl , bbiboshjihcb tojibko b tom cjiy^íae, ecJiH ohh 6binH ocHaweHBi cbhhuoboh ne^aTbio. AsTopmeT ziaHHoro TOBapa h noHBjieHHe ero Ha 3ana,nHoeBponeflCKOM puHKe, HaiHHaa c necHToro Bexa, npnBe.no K KonHpoBaHHio , ojjHaKO caMoe 6ojibiuoe BJiHHHHe OKa3ajia JiaTHHCKan uapcKan HMnepHH, rocnoflCTByioineH «HHacTHeft KOTopofl, HainHan c Xlll-ro Bexa, 6hjih rpa$bi ^JiaHflpHH . IleiaTaHbe nnaTKOB oöHapyaceHo, HaiHHas co BTopofl nonoBHHbi Bena, bo CuiaHnpHH h b HTajiHH; cpextHeBeKOBbie 3K3eMnJiHpbi eflHHHiHbi. B xy-xyi Beicax stot o6braafl pacwupmrcH bo «DpaHUHH, Ahtjihh h repMaHHH, aaieM pacnpocTpaHHJiCH Ha Ka^ecTBeHHHfl KOHTpojib nojiOTHHHbix, xjionyaTOöyMajKHUx h uiejiKOBux TKaHefl. naxreHHe oöbwaH Ha^aiiocb c boshhkHOBeHHeM MaHy<t>aKTyp h, HaxoHeii, c <J>opMHpoBaHHeM <J>a6pH*iHoß cHCTeMbi b xylll-oM Bene .
