Murányi János szerk.: A Csíki Székely Múzeum Évkönyve 2006. Humán-és Természettudományok (Csíkszereda, 2007)
MŰVELŐDÉSTÖRTÉNET - SZŐCS JÁNOS: Az első csíki újság, a Hadi Lap (1849)
A CSÍKI SZÉKELY MÚZEUM ÉVKÖNYVE 2006 229-257 Szőcs JÁNOS AZ ELSŐ CSÍKI ÚJSÁG, A HADI LAP (1849) Abstract: [The first newspaper of Ciuc, Hadi Lap (War Newspaper - on 1849)] On its last page we can read: appears in Miercurea Ciuc (rom.) / Csíkszereda (hung.), printed in the Franciscan monastery of Çumuleu-Ciuc (rom.) / Csíksomlyó (hung.). The first number of the weekly newspaper went out of the printing office on May 27 th , 1849, day of Pentecost in that year, and the last known number, the ninth, bearing the date of July 16 th , 1849. Its writer-editor was Captain Bíró Sándor, a former Calvinist minister in Reci (rom.) / Réty (hung.) (in Háromszék - Three Seats County) where he had organised the local national guard in the spring of 1848. Enthusiastic revolutionary, he had given up his priest vocation and had entered the revolutionary army. The commander of the revolutionary armed forces of the Country of Sicules (Szeklerland), the colonel Gál Sándor granted him captain's rank and ordered him to guard the mountainous region of the Pass of Ghimes. The newspaper was drafted usually at night. Bíró Sándor, a romantic personality, having Utopian ideas, was convinced that the fight led under the flag of the revolution and the freedom was going to realise only magnificent, beautiful, good and useful purposes for all the people. The articles and news published in Hadi Lap constitute an important source of knowledge of the local events spent in 1849. The writer of the weekly newspaper possessed a special sensibility to the social problems, which tormented the Szekler society. They were first of all the emancipation of serfs and the redistribution of lands to peasants. On the contrary the news appeared in Hadi Lap concerning the events outside of the Szeklerland must be cautiously looked at, because they express rather the visions and the hopes of the writer than the realities of time. In his editor's work the major sergeant Simó Mózes helped Biró. After the battle lost at Nyerges-Top, on August 1 st , 1849 he accompanied the commander Gál Sándor to the capitulation at Jibou (rom.) / Zsibó (hung.). After the fall of the revolution he was forced to go into hiding in front of the Austrian imperial authorities for a long time. Unfortunately very few copies of the newspaper Hadi Lap bewared until our days. Rezumat: [Prima gazetä, care a apärut în Ciuc, se întituleaza Hadi Lap (Foaie de luptä). Pe ultima pagina a acesteia se poate citi: apare la Miercurea-Ciuc, si este tipäritä la mänästirea franciscanä din Çumuleu-Ciuc. Primul numär al säptämanarului Hadi Lap a väzut lumina zilei la 27 mai 1849, în prima zi a rusaliilor din acel an, iar ultimul numär cunoscut, al nouälea, poartä data de 16 iulie 1849. Redactorul primului jurnal din Ciuc a fost Bíró Sándor, mai înainte preot reformat în Trei Scaune, la Reci, unde în primävara anului 1848 a organizat garda nationale din localitate. înfocat revolutionär, la începutul anului 1849, a renuntat la vocatia de preot, si a intrat în armata de eliberare. Comandantul militar al fortelor revolutionäre din Tinutul Secuiesc, colonelul Gál Sándor i-a acordat gradul de câpitan si i-a ordonat sä facä serviciul de pazä în Pasul Ghimes. Gazeta a fost redactatä de obicei noaptea. Bíró Sándor, personalitate romanticä, cu idei utopice, era convins, cä lupta dusä sub drapelul revolutiei, al libertâtii, va înfapui numai teluri märete, numai lucruri frumoase, bune si folositoare pentru toti oamenii.
