Forró Albert - Gyarmati Zsolt szerk.: A Csíki Székely Múzeum Évkönyve 2004. Társadalom-és Humántudományok (Csíkszereda, 2004)
A csíkszékiek egyetemjárása 1918 előtt (Dr. Szabó Miklós nyug. tudományos főkutató)
A CSÍKI SZÉKELY MÚZEUM ÉVKÖNYVE 2004 49-72 SZABÓ MIKLÓS A CSÍKSZÉKIEK EGYETEMJÁRÁSA 1918 ELŐTT Abstract: [Foreign university attendance of Ciuc region's youth before 1918] Before establishing the University from Cluj, in 1872, although there were some periodic superior institutions in Transilvania in the previous centuries as well, the forming of the transilvanian élite took place mostly at universities and academies from abroad. Attending western universities by transilvanian young people has an 800 years' tradition. The first pilgrims from Ciuc are recorded at the University from Craiova only at the end the 15* century. The Szekler's society from Ciuc with military obligations as well as the absence of urban settlements contributed to this low number of pilgrims. After the religious reform, when protestant religions became predominant in the Transilvanian Principality in drawback for the catholics, the élite of Szekler catholics is formed out of those, who preserved their catholic religion in Ciuc. In this way we can assist at the increasing number of young people from Ciuc who registered at superior educational institutes till the end of the 17"' century. Together with the growth of the urban population in Ciuc's region, the society needs more educated people (doctors, chemists, engineers, teachers, etc.). Rezumat: [Frecventarea universitätilor sträine de tinerii din Ciuc înainte de 1918] înaintea fondärii Universitär din Cluj. din 1872, au functionat periodic astfei de instituai superioare de învatamânt în Transilvania si în secolele anterioare, dar formarea elitéi ardelene s-a facut mai ales la universitätile si academiile din sträinatate. Frecventarea universitätilor din Occident de ardeleni are traditie de 800 de ani. Primii peregrini ciucani sunt semnalati la Universitatea din Cracovia abia la sfârsjtul secolului al XV-lea. Societatea secuilor din Ciuc cu obligatii militare, lipsa asezärilor urbane au facut ca numärul peregrinilor de aici sä fie redus. Dupä reforma religioasä, când în Principatul Transilvaniei religiile protestante devin prédominante în defavoarea catolicismului, dintre locuitorii scaunului secuiesc Ciuc, rämasi catolici, se formeazä elita bisericii catolice. Astfel, pana la sfârsjtul secolului al XVII-lea putem asista la cresjerea numärului tinerilor ciucani care s-au inscris la institutii superioare de învatamânt. Odatä cu cresterea populatiei urbane si din zona Ciucului, societatea are nevoie de mai multi învatati (medici, farmacisti, ingineri, profesori etc.). A Kolozsvári Egyetem megnyitása, azaz 1872 előtt voltak ugyan egyetemalapítási kísérletek Erdélyben, 1 de az értelmiségi elitképzés alapvetően egyetlen sikeres útja-módjának a külföldi egyetemjárás (peregrinatio academica) bizonyult. ' Antonio Possevino: Transilvania (1584). In Fontes rerum Transylvanicarum. Szerk. Veress A. Budapest, 1913. 127-132.; Szilágyi Sándor (kiad): Erdélyi országyülési emlékek. Budapest, 1880. VI. 413.; VIII. Budapest. 1882. 236.; Herepei János: Adattár XVII. századi szellemi mozgalmaink történetéhez. I. Budapest-Szeged, 1965. 239-272. (A továbbiakban Herepei Adattár)
