Dr. Szabó Lajos: A magyar ifjúság testi nevelésének története (A Sportmúzeum Kincsei 5. Budapest, 2004)

Testnevelés a katolikus és a protestáns városi iskolákban a XVI—XVII. században

THE 16TH AND 17TH CENTURY is the period of endless fights against the Turkish and the time of spreading Reformation in Hungary. The Hungarian Protestant schools followed the Western humanistic schools in their organization and teaching material. The effect of Protestant school policy was the greatest in Transylvania. The urban-humanistic schools grew in number and strengthened. College-typed schools of western style were also formed. By the second half of the 16th century Catholicism recognized that school is an important weapon in the hands of the Reformists. Catholic schools could not counterbalance the effects of Reformation and humanism. So Jesuits wanted to set a modern school-type againts the Protestant ones. In several cases they followed the Protestant methods. Jesuits were settled to Hungary by Miklós Oláh, archbishop of Esztergom at the beginning of the 1560ies. The most outstanding figure of counter-reformation was Péter Pázmány, who founded a university in Hungary. János Apáczai Csere, a representative of Hungarian education policy went to the Netherlands in 1648 with a scholarship. One of his best works Hungarian Encyclopaedia was written there. In his works he discusses the questions of body care, physical training and healthy way of life in details and talks about the necessity of the parallel training of body and mind. Modernization of Hungarian education system was the result of the reformation - counter-reformation fights.