Siklódi Csilla szerk.: Tradicionális sportok, népi játékok (A Sportmúzeum Kincsei 2. Budapest, 1996)

Tradicionális sportok, népi játékok az észteknél (Marge Vaerv, Kalle Voolaid, Kaie Jeeser, Anu Sillastu)

climbing, chasing. Boys' favourite games were wrestling and trial of strength. Girls played various games with stones and also round games. Various games with sticks (clubs) were popular all over the country. Kurnimang (a game played with six cylindrical wooden pins) This game is known all over the world. Patterns made of wooden pins are knocked out of a sguare drawn on the ground with a cudgel. Kitse lautaajamine (driving a goat into the cote) A large hole (cote) is made into the ground and around it, at a distance of 4-7 metres, a smaller hole for each player is made. Each player has a stick and protects his hole by keeping the stick in it. The player without lus own hole is the drover. Goat (a wooden ball) has to be driven into the coat. The players standing at their holes in a circle try to keep the goat away from the coat. In case the drover is able to thrust his stick into any hole, the player whose hole it was will be the next drover. If the drover succeeds in driving the gote into the cote, all the players change places. The one without a hole will be the next drover. The most refined expression of a game is sport. In addition to the games connected with various folk traditions it also comprises some elements from other activities such as walking, running, jumping and throwing. Popular sports practised in the past have found expression in folklore. So the national epic "Kalevipoeg" describes lifting and carrying weights, throwing stones, pulling a stick crosswise, wrestling, swimming, sailing and riding. Purposeful physical education in Estonia started in the 1870s when it was introduced into school programmes. The first Estonian textbook in this field was compiled by J. Kurrikin 1879. Organised sports activities in Estonia were connected with founding sports circles and societies. The first of the Baltic-German sports societies was a gymnastic society founded in Tallinn in 1863. In the first sports circles people mainly practised heavy athletics as this had the strongest national roots. A sports circle called "Tallinn Club of Fun Athletes" founded by Gustav Boesberg in 1888 gave a whole range of prominent athletes the most famous of whom was Georg Lurich. The first officially registered sports association in Estonia was "Saadjarve Cyclists' Society" founded in 1896. On the whole, heavy athletics and cycling were the most popular sports at that time. This did not mean these were the only branches practised. In the first decades alongside with gymnastics, rowing and skating people went in for light athletics, swimming, figure skating, skiing, etc. Ofmodern sports games tennis became known in Estonia first although football overpowered it in practise (since 1909). Estonian Sports Museum was founded in 1963. More than 55 000 prizes, medals, badges, diplomas, photos and other samples, which speak about the sporting