F. Mentényi Klára szerk.: Műemlékvédelmi Szemle 1996/1. szám Az Országos Műemléki Felügyelőség tájékoztatója (Budapest, 1996)
TANULMÁNY - Bozóki Lajos: Lakótornyok és toronypaloták. A visegrádi Salamon-torony és a Fellegvár 14. századi szerepének kérdéséhez
Lajos BOZÓKI DONJONS AND LATE MEDIEVAL TOWER PALACES Contributions to the Question of the Role of the Salamon-tower and the Citadel of Visegrád in the 14th Century Constructions in the Castle of Visegrád, around the Salamon tower and in the donjon reflect the modified demands of 14th century Royal Court. By this time, compared to 13th century situation, seemingly more, but smaller rooms were recquired by the King and its attendants. In the case of Visegrád such Royal residence was reused by the King, wich combined with its tower-like bulky appearance and its fortress the military and at the same time representative functions, and it was approaching to the contemporary European, mainly French demands. Following the „intermezzo" of the Philippe August period, in the 14th century a kind of return had happenned towards Romanesque donjon building. In the cases of Vincennes, Poitiers, Pierrefonds, etc. large donjons were built meeting the demands of the 14th century. A few sources concerning the function and structure of aristocratic residences tell us facts about this, one of the most important of them is the castle at Vincennes (Val-de Marne). The donjon finished in the second half of the 14th century had contained the kitchen, the Royal reception room „chambre a parer", the scene of official receptions. The real Royal residence contained the „chambre du roy" and the private rooms of the King („estude du roy", bath chapel, oratory, „retrait"). In the course of the rebuilding of the Louvre as Royal residence rooms of similar purpose were built, as in the case of the Salamon tower in Visegrád as well. The same arrangement is to be found in the Northern, larger donjon of Karl stein castle: a storey for the household, another for private purpose, and chapel, like in the Papal donjon of the Papal castle of Avignon. It is remarkable however, that the buildings in the Lower Castle of Visegrád were not followed by the construction of a ceremonial hall. Perhaps the donjon as a dwellings was considered to be provisional by Robert Károly. A ceremonial hall might have been built in the Citadel, however, probably in the 14th century. The Royal use of the Salamon tower in Visegrád in the 14th century had happened in a period, when for example in France, contrary to the end of 12th century-13th century castle types a partial return had taken place to building donjons. In this period a type of donjon is reborn, which is having partly the function of the palace as well. At the same time the military role of the donjons is revitalized, like their function in court representation as well. (Poitiers, Tour de Maubergeon, Ferté-Milon, etc.)
