F. Mentényi Klára szerk.: Műemlékvédelmi Szemle 1992/1. szám Az Országos Műemléki Felügyelőség tájékoztatója (Budapest, 1992)

MŰHELY - Summaries

SUMMARIES László HOPPE An architectural analysis of the tower of the Calvinist church at Szokolya The church is of medieval origin, had a single nave and a tower in the west In 1856 the Gothic nave was demolished and replaced by a new structure. During the last years the church under went a renovation, in the course of which there opened an opportunity for its investigation, too. As a result, it could be stated that the tower has, basically, survived in its medieval form, though the form of the windows has been changed and the height of the structure raised. The following medieval details were disclosed: the threshhold and lower parts of the jambs of the main entrance and the door opening in the nave, window sills, jambs, and discharging arches of the windows, part of the main cornice, etc. The most significant part was the tracery found walled in the west window on the first floor, on the basis of which the structure could be reconstructed. The structure of the window is this: the jambs are as wide as the walls they ware set into and had an askew splaying; the discharging arch is of a semi-circular form, with a single tracery, carved of a stone plate. The moulding is a simple, concave one. The geometrical construction suggest that the shape of the window must have been semicircular, with two, likewise semicircular, pattern in it, which must have ended in some sort of a hanging corbel. There was no full length vertical division. The construction is based on the windths of the wall, the key pattern being its checher-work. This rectangle was divided into 3*3 small rectangles. The profile of the tracery can be derived from the development of such a small rectangle. This scheme is similar to a drawing of Lorenz Lacher on which the individual profiles are also defined by the checher-work of the 3*3 divided key-pattern. No alike connection can be stated between the main measurements of the tower. The proportions here can be expressed by whole numbers: the ground plan is, approximately a 16*16 unit rectangle, the width of the wall is 3, thus the interior space is 10*10 unit, while the hëght 40. The entrance is 2 unit wide, the door opening in the nave is 5 unit, etc. One unit has proved to be 353 mm, which is very close to the 365,42 mm of the Cracow foot. This refers to presumable Polish architectural connections in the case of the tower. The analysis of the tower has showed that in the case of the very same building architectural principles of both the Middle Ages and the Renaissance are present. The contours of the windows are closest to those of a Renaissance double window with hanging corbels, yet the structure and the construction principles are medieval. Its basis is the 'Lacher rectangle', published in 1516, the principle of which is the definition of measures by the proportion of whole numbers. All this suggests that the commissioner defined his requirements in knowledge of the Renaissance, but the mason, who realized them had been trained in the traditional medieval techniques. Thus the building will have taken place a t the beginning of the 16th century. This specific, double characteristic of the tower enriches our picture of the transition period between Gothic and Renaissance. Zsuzsa LUKÁCS: Preliminary report of the archaeological investigation of the Roman Catholic church in Lengyeltóti in 1991 The church was built in the second half of the 12th century. It has a central ground plan, an almost rectangular nave (measuring approximately 9*9 meters), and three semicircular sanctuaries in the east. The nave and the sanctuary is crowned by a cornice, decora ted with a varying dogtooth sawtooth motive. Beneath this, the wall of the nave was decorated by lezenes. The most interesting detail in the interior is the row of sediles; we have reconstructed 9 of them on the south side of the church, where most of the walls dating from the first building period have survived. On the north side, in parts where the original wall has survived, the position of the sediles was symmetrical with those on the south side, thus we presume that originally there must have been 18 of them in the church. The two towers, the ruins of which were mentioned in 1749 by the História Domus were also built in the first period; the foundation walls were disclosed.