Horler Miklós: Budapest 1. budai királyi palota 1. Középkori idomtégla töredékek (Magyarország építészeti töredékeinek gyűjteménye 4. Budapest, 1995) (Magyarország építészeti töredékeinek gyűjteménye 4. Budapest, 1998)

András Végh: Medieval Terracotta finds from the royal Palace of Buda

chamfers. It is worth remembering, however, that they were always carved of ordinary brick used for construction. This practice seems to have been current between the eleventh and the fifteenth centuries. It was only at the end of the fifteenth century that bricks of a more elaborate character, like the material in Buda, began to appear as a substitute for stonework. One of the territories where terracotta pieces first appeared, presumably in connection with the spread of Late Gothic net vault, was western Hungary. The material was first used for vaulting in Bavaria, in the first half of the fifteenth century, and appeared in Hungary at the end of the century, by way of Austria and Styria. It was not only the elements of the vault, but also other architectural details of the building which were made of terracotta. The centres of this new architectural trend were the family seats of the wealthy nobility, or the monasteries founded or supported by them

—which in turn set an example for the nearby towns and villages.

97 The output from a workshop near Egervár during the last third of the fifteenth and the beginning of the sixteenth century is related to the building activity of the Egervári family. Terracotta pieces in the Church of the Franciscans, and the Castle, presumably its chapel in Egervár, the chapel near the Castle of Fancsika, the Parish Church at Csácsbozsok, and, most likely the pieces found in the Dominican Friary in Vasvár—

all come from this workshop. In these edifices two types of ribs, keystones, jambs, entablaUires, tracery, and cornices were used that were made of terracotta. Most of the forms are of Gothic character, but the workshop was also familiar with the Renaissance forms as evidenced by the pieces in Egervár.

98 (Fig. 46. a-c.) Terracotta pieces form the same time occur in and around Szálénak (now Stadtschlaining, Austria) in buildings sponsored by the Baumkircher family. They are most prominent in the Convent of the Pauline Order, in the Castle and the Parish Church. Among them there are ribs, keystones, corbels, door jambs and entablatures, window tracery, plate tracery of choir parapets, and an altar mensa. Terracotta pieces appear in several other places near Szálénak—

for example, in the local Churches in Felsőkéthely (now Neumarkt im Tauchental, Austria), Schandorf (Austria), Neudau (Austria), Máriafalva (now Mariasdorf, Austria), Sámfáivá (now Hannersdorf, Austria), and in the Castles of Schielleiten (Austria) and Thomasberg (Austria), and in St. James's Church in Kőszeg and the Castle of Kőszeg (these date from the second half of the fifteenth century and the early years of the sixteenth century).

99 The buildings erected on the neighbouring Ellerbach estates at this time were also built partly of terracotta pieces. The family seat was in Monyorókerék (now Eberau, Austria) where corbels, ribs and keystones are known from the Convent of the Pauline Order, from the Castle's Chapel, and from the Parish Church. In its vicinity, terracotta vaults and jambs arc known to us from Pinkakertes (now Gaas, Austria), Szentpéterfa, Alsóbeled (now Unterbildein, Austria) and Németlövő (now Deutsch Schützen, Austria).

100 The Kanizsai family must also be mentioned; their building activity in western Hungary is though little known, although during the reconstruction of the Cistercian Monastery in Borsmonostor (now Klostermarienburg, Austria) terracotta fragments came to light, and terracotta elements of a vault were found in the Parish Church of Csepreg, too.

101 The similarities of style, uniformity of vaulting and parapet structure, and resemblance in the size of certain elements suggest that all these buildings are closely related to each other. Terracotta pieces are known from other parts of western Hungary, too, but finds seem to be extremely scattered. However, it may well be that insufficient investigation is to be blamed for this picture. Terracotta ribs were used for the extension of the church in Nagyharsány (end of fifteenth century). The excavations of the Convent of Charthusians in Városlőd yielded some pieces of jambs, pilaster fragmentss and ribs. A few fragments of ribs are to be found in the Hanság Museum in Mosonmagyaróvár; the vault of St. Catherine's Convent of the Dominican Nuns in Veszprém was also constructed of terracotta elements.

102 Transylvania is the other region where terracotta pieces appear across a large geographical area, primarily on the Saxon territories, and on the Szekler territories adjacent to them. A preference for terracotta elements can be observed in the case of Late Gothic vaults erected during the reconstruction of Saxon churches at the end of the fifteenth century, e.g. Prázsmár (Tartlau, Prejmer); Nagybaromlak (Wurmloch, Valea Viilor); Szászbogács (Bogeschdorf, Bägaciu); and Szászfehéregyháza (Deutschweisskirch, Viscri).

103 Owing to the contribution of László Dávid, the architecture of the Szekler Udvarhelyszék region is especially well known.

104 Most of the churches in this region were enlarged and re-vaulted at the end of the fifteenth century. While the extensions were always built of stone, in many cases terracotta elements were used for the vaulting. (Fig. 46. d-f.) Of the many examples, especially deserving of mention here are Homoródjánosfalva (now lonesti, Rumania), Patakfalva (now Vâleni, Rumania), and Rugonfalva (now