Mezősiné Kozák Éva: A vértesszentkereszti apátság (Művészettörténet - műemlékvédelem 5. Országos Műemlékvédelmi Hivatal, 1993)

Angol nyelvű összefoglaló

photographs of Lux Géza are preserved. The material contains many original details of the ruin that have decayed since then. Two studies of Révhelyi Elemér assisted mostly the research, who discovered the value of the ruin after a long and fruitless time. He published a valuable, new archivalia, and analysed the church architecturally. It is due to his studies that the topic was revived and reevaluated, and that a systematic, large-scale uncovering of the abbey between 1964 and 1971 could take place by the commission of the OMF. The third chapter titled 'Review on the Archeological Excavation of the Abbey

7 contains all important details in connection with the research achievements. The fourth chapter 'History and Archeological History of the Benedectine Abbey

7 is a historical summary and an evaluation. The Vértesszentkereszt Benedectine Abbey is the ancient monastery of the Csák clan. Relying on historical data, the Árpád House and the Csák clan originate from common ancestors. The Csák family are descendants of Szabolcs, who succeeded Árpád. The dwellings of Szabolcs and the Csáks, who descended from him, were located in Fejér county. Anonymus, further to the known state of possession of the family round 1200 held the Vértes mountains and Csákvár under it, as the first properties. A private castle of the family could be Oroszlánkő or the Csáky Castle, that lied only some kilometres from the Köhányás desert. The first reference to the Abbey comes from 1146 when a foreigner named Fulco /hospes/ endowed Ugrin comes monastery a 4 mark worth land as perpetual property in his last will. From this we can conclude that the Csák family's monastery had already existed in the first half of the 12th century, on the other hand we are informed about the name of its patron who was recorded as an ancestor of the Csák family's Kisfaludy branch in genealogy. The archeological excavation made it clear that it was on the northern part of the territory where church buildings stood, with moats surrounding them, that the most ancient buildings came to surface. Namely, a church built of stone with a square termination choir, the remnants of a cloister adjoining to it from the south, and the cemetery around the church. No details or carvings belonging to the building remains have turned up. So the dating of the church could be achieved with the help of the ground-plan, the available finds, the grave-goods, and through taking into consideration the documentary material. With the spread of the church type numerous studies were written, and heterogenous views emerged. Gerevich Tibor thinks its introduction was a phenomenon connected with the settling of the Cistercian Order. Levárdy Ferenc, dealing with the Pannonhalma Benedectine Abbey, places the square termination choir design of the church on the beginning of the 13th century, and presumes that the original church also had an underchurch, and the 13th century builders followed its form. Kozák Károly treats the forming and the domestic introduction of this church type in several of his studies. In his judgment we can count with the first monastic construction of the type from the second half of the 12th century, and its general application spread in village architecture in the middle of the 13th century. On basis of the research results of the past two centuries, our knowledge regarding the square choir terminated churches have extended. It was proved during the excavations that the undercrofts of the Tihany and Pannonhalma abbeys that originally they were built with a square choir termination. We tried to collect these early square choir terminated churches which were placed by the researchers on the 11-12-th centuries. Taking into consideration the foreign