Koppány Tibor: A Balaton környékének műemlékei (Művészettörténet - műemlékvédelem 3 Országos Műemlékvédelmi Hivatal, 1993)

Angol nyelvű összefoglaló

places, on the southern side the Buzsak and Lengyeltóti churches that are still used today, and the ruins of the Somogyvár, Rádpuszta and Somogyvámos churches. All of them are small-sized, with one aisle and an apse, or built with a rectangular chancel and a tower rising over the gallery either in front of the aisle or in the west end of the aisle. Their characteristic ground plan can be traced even on the ones that were constructed in the 14-th century, as e.g the one in Balatonszolos, though the eastern end of this was rebuilt in the 18th century, but its ground plan is well-known from excavation. In Felsôors, Liter, Monoszló, and Révfülöp richly ornamented western or southern gateways survived in the churches there. In the so-called Gizella Chapel in Veszprém, once the two-storied chapel of the episcopal palace there, frescoes remained depicting saints, showing an Italian influence. It was as early as the 13th century that stone castles began to be built on this land, particularly after the Mongolian invasion of 1241-1242. The episcopal see, the Veszprém castle was reconstructed with stone-walls, and the bishops erected erected a new fortress in Sümeg which equals with the present-day southern part of the large-sized fortress-ruin. The first builder of Tátika castle had also been the bishop of Veszprém. With royal encouragement the Pannonhalma Benedectine Abbey was constructed; the Gyulaffy family from the Rátót family, the Atyusz family and the landowning Peez family, all had stone-fortresses constructed on Szigliget, Csobánc hill, Hegyesd and in the vicinity of Rezi village, to protect their respective estates. Similar to most of the 13th century Hungarian stone-fortresses, originally these may have also consisted of one single tower enclosed with walls. Such were the Sümeg and Tátika, Hegyesd and Rezi castles, though in case of Sümeg and Tátika a two-storied palace may have also been connected to the tower. The palace on Szigliget's highest mountain-ridge contained a tower on each end, and a chapel as well, standing in the lower court. Opposite these the court of Csobánc castle was constructed with walls as high as that building surrounded it, and the tower, which can be seen in ruins now, was only later built between the walls. All of them were, particularly in the 15th, 16th centuries, rebuilt many times, and further extended with new courtyards. The Medieval castles of the Balaton-region have vanished along with the Romanesque monuments that highlighted the three centuries of the Árpád dynasty starting with King István I. Today only their ruins decorate the hill-tops around the lake. In the first half of the 14th century, the buildings of the Balaton country that grew rich and had many villages at that time, thanks mainly to the spreading viniculture, were decorated with Gothic forms. This period was characterized by the peaceful reign of the Anjou kings, who greatly contributed to the country's wealth, and so the architecture began to flourish as well. Late Romanesque and Gothic styles blend on the Berhida church which is used even today. In spite of the Gothic forms, many earlier characteristic features are shown on the ruins of the large church, which had been founded by Miklós Dörögdi, the Bishop of Eger, before 1339 for his native village, the present Taliándörögd. From among the smaller Gothic churches which bear the traces of romantic-eclectic reconstructions, the ones of Várvölgy and Vindornyaszólós are remarkable. Cloisters were erected in Balatonhenye, Salföld, Tálod, and Uzsa for the Hungarian-founded Order of St. Paul. Unfortunately, most of these have vanished. In the late 14th century, Zádorvár above