Icomos híradó különszám (A 37. Egri Nyári Egyetem előadásai 2007 Eger, 2007)

wine growing tenants show considerable dimensions (Passauerhof, first documentary reference in 1150). In the sixteenth century building activity increased all over Europe. In Vienna and in the surrounding villages were effected by the danger of Turkish invasions (1529 siege of Vienna) the buildings of fortifications. Italian architects and masons were called. They imported new technics and the new Renaissance style. In this time very often the dwelling of the winegrower's farmhouse was connected with a second wing flanking the courtyard which towards the street was closed by a high wall with a gate. Later on the gate wall was substituted by a wing with a gate in the ground floor and rooms in the upper floor. So the new type of farmhouse in Grinzing and other villages of wine growing farmers outside of Vienna consisted of three (somestimes four) buildings enclosing the courtyard. The production of wine took place in the cellars under the farmhouse. Sometimes the press house was situated in the ground floor near the gateway. This arrangement often survived until nowadays though in the end of the 18

th and in the 19

th century the late baroque type of a dwelling in the suburbs of the city was adapted for the vintner's farm house: Towards the street there is one single building parallel to the street, with a height of one or two storeys, and a central gate ("Gassenfrontenhaus"). Behind the façade of this wing the traditional structure of the farm house enclosing the yard is preserved, sometimes its medieval walls, too. Up to the beginning of the 19 century Grinzing was a village of about 80 houses, some of them fortified manors, and a late gothic church in the centre. This architectural arrangement was beded into the lovely landscape of vinyards, gardens, roads, grassland, woods and two quarries. In the north on the hill next to Leopoldsberg in 1629 monks of the Camaldulense order erected a monastery with a church (in 1683 meeting point for the relieving troups against the Turks), another church was built near the ruins of the Leopoldsberg Castle. In the middle of the 18

th century the lovely landscape on the hills above Grinzing was discovered as a place for summer residencies - manor houses, villas and small castles. One of these houses belonging to the Jesuits in 1773 - when the Jesuit order was disintegrated by the emperor Joseph II - was bought by Graf Cobenzl who together with Joseph II in 1777 had visited France and the new romantic garden of Ermenonville. After his return to Vienna Graf Cobenzl started to lay out a landscape garden in English style on the Reisenberg hill which became a celebrated attraction admired by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and other famous visitors. In the beginning of the 19

th century the garden landscape on the hills above Grinzing with restaurants and places of amusement was frequented by the Viennese, and the whole region became an attractive place of vacation. In the centre of Grinzing in 1842 the so called Casino was built, and in the second half of the 19

th century the first villas were erected adjacent to the farm houses, one of them by the architect Heinrich Ferstel, and a number of small cottages was built along the roads on the border of the vintners' village. In 1892 Grinzing and the other villages surrounding Vienna became part of the City. In 1902 a tramway was constructed and Grinzing became an attractive living place. Between 1900 and 2000 in the area between the old village in the valley and the vinyards on the hillsides a great number of buildings came into being, mostly villas, but also some blocks of social housing. In 1905 the wood and the grassland on the hills was protected by law in order to prevent settlements, and a panorama road ("Höhenstraße") was planned connecting the new restaurants on the hills Cobenzl and Krapfenwaldl and the Cobenzl and the Kahlenberg hotel with Grinzing (mostly carried out in the 1930ies). In spite of the highly increased number of buildings the harmony of the landscape survived not only because of the well-kept vinyards.