Veress Márton: A Bakony természettudományi kutatásának eredményei 23. - Covered karst evolution... (Zirc, 2000)

KARSTIFICATION

Fig. 30. Cave remnants exposed by erosion and further evolved by denudation of the valley side (I) and exposed and further evolved by the denudation of the valley side (II) Legend: 1. karstic rock; 2. collapsed ceiling; 3. older valley; 4. present valley; 5. destroyed cavity section; 6. cave remnant; 7. ruined cave remnant exposed by stream erosion and truncated by the denudation of the valley side; 8. cave remnant exposed by stream erosion (8a) and further developed by the denudation of the valley side into a ruined cave remnant (8b); 9. ruined cave remnant exposed and truncated by the denudation of the valley side; 10. ruined cave exposed by the denudation of the valley side and ceiling caved in (10a), ruined cave remnant isolated by caving in (10b) and truncated cave (10c) - Moving away from the entrance of a spring cave, the floor is getting ever deeper and the slope of cave remnant floors and the relief between their floors and the entrance may be highly variable (Figs. 31, 34). The gorges and gorge-like narrow valley sections in the mountains (Pict. 40) are of karstic origin since cavities of flowing karst water also contributed to their development. The water-courses of incising valleys (eg. Cuha, Ördög-árok, Kő-árok, Kőmosó-szurdok etc.) expose these cavities (Fig. 35). Exposed cavities promote incision and increase its rate. The density of cave remnants of valley type is greater since the water percolating from surface water-courses can increase the rate of cavernation and thus probably also the frequency of cavities. There are two varieties of cave remnants developed parallel with valley incision: those exposed directly by stream erosion and those exposed by the erosion of valley sides. The caves exposed by stream erosion are located in the vicinity of the channel and open in steep rock walls (Pict. 41; Fig. 31). The caves formed earlier, by the erosion of valley sides, are further shortened (truncated cave remnants) or dissected (ruined cave remnants) or new cavities are exposed (Pict. 42; Figs. 30, 31, 36). The cave remnants further sculpted by the erosion of valley walls and particularly those which are exposed by this process are further away from the channel and their relative elevation above the channel is often remarkable. The valley slopes in their environs are not particularly steep. As a consequence of the erosion of valley walls, windows may open on the ceilings of cave remnants or of their ruins. Further destruction leads to the development of rock ar-