Veress Márton: A Bakony természettudományi kutatásának eredményei 23. - Covered karst evolution... (Zirc, 2000)

KARSTIFICATION

&• LÜ32. S3 (nils He. e? @8. gg. Qo EEJn S12. Fig. 26. Development of sediment fills of karst depressions in various types of development (VERESS 1986) Legend: 1. limestone; 2. redeposited loess; 3. clay (formed in situ); 4. clay sequence resulting from influx (beds of various colour); 5. laminitic series (perhaps overlying plant detritus sequence); 6. fill in the water conduit; 7. soil; 8. short-term intermittent pond; 9. intermittent pond of longer life-time; 10. long-term intermittent pond; 11. rate of deepening of karst depression; 12. rate of material influx into karst depression A. type of activating karst depression; B. type of inactivating karst depression; C. type of equilibrium state karst depression; D. type of equilibrium state karst depression with increasing material influx The caverns not recently bur earlier formed lie above the present-day karst water level. One-time cavity formation stages can be studied in valley sides (the here opening caves) or in quarry walls. The characteritic features of cavitation associated with flowing karst water are summarized below. - Locally one can recognize that cavities formed by the merging of parts of caves and spherical cauldrons through solution (VERESS-PÉNTEK-HORVÁTH 1992a,b). They are complex secondary cavities. Other cavities of 1-2 dm diameter which did not formed by merging are also common (primary cavities). - Cavitation is horizontal with regard to the spatial pattern of caves. Vertical (chimneytype) cavities rarely develop in the zone of flowing karst water (eg. Kerteskő Gorge).