Veress Márton: A Bakony természettudományi kutatásának eredményei 23. - Covered karst evolution... (Zirc, 2000)

METHODS

In the view of VERESS (1983) horsts elevated to summit position and exhumed (altitudes of 421-450 m) are affected by karstification and karst processes of slower rate are observed on horsts in summit position (581-620 m). Because of the mosaical distribution of these types of plantated surfaces, the rate of karstification is also unevenly distributed. Out of the mentioned types of planated surfaces only those (parts) are affected by karstification where the underlying karstic surface is uneven and buried under cover sediments (VERESS 1991). HEVESI (1991a) explains the karstification properties of the mountains partly with repeated burial and partly with the fact that on horsts of limited areal extension no drainage could form - even under buried conditions. Therefore, in lack of bathycaptures, there are no karst valleys with rows of swallow dolines. Although elsewhere he mentions ponors from the mountains (HEVESI 1991b), author shares his opinion that bathycapture is not characteristic of the present-day karstification of the mountains. The lack of bathycapture, however, cannot be explained by missing surface drainage which is found on several blocks. JUHÁSZ (1988) writes about a well-developed drainage in the area. METHODS Author's investigations covered the following areas (Fig. 2): the Hajag-Papod Mountain Group or Hárskút Plateau (karstic terrain along the Homód-árok, central part of the Hárskút Plateau or Hárskút Basin, Mester-Hajag, Égett Hill, the environs of Augusztintanya, the area above Judit spring), Som Hill, Kőris Hill (first of all, the area of the Márvány-árok), Dörgő Hill and environs (the area between the Hódos-ér and Pápalátókő), Ördög-árok, margin of Magos Hill, Kő-árok, Kőmosó Gorge, Cuha Valley and parts of the Tés Plateau (Tábla Valley). Observations and documentation Observations involved surface karst features, the phenomena of their activity and underground karst objects. Activity phenomena were monitored between 1978 and 1984 in the central portion of the Hárskút Plateau (Hajag-Papod Mountain Group). Various phenomena (flood pond, overflow, hidden activity etc.) were recognised and identified. The monitoring of phenomena allowed the description of recent sedimentation processes in karstic depressions, the classification of sediment types and the interpretation of their development. The features developed in cover sediments as a consequence of the karstification of underlying sediments were observed. The assemblage of corrosional features in chimneys formed in the prolongation of covered karst depressions were observed and documented. The ruined chimneys filled with soils and redeposited cover sediments were also identified. The study of the assemblage of corrosional features and landforms in cover sediments helped author explain covered karst features, while the investigation of recent sedimentation processes allowed the analyses of fossilization. The tree-trunks in the depressions of the covered karst, often buried to their foliage, contributed to the recognition of intensive accumulation in such depressions. It was useful for the interpretation of both activity and fossilization. The mass movements significant in the accumulation and material transport of karst depressions were recognised from the curving and tilting of tree-trunks. The landform assemblages of valley sides (Ördög-árok, Kőmosó Gorge, Magos Hill, Kőárok) were observed and mapped. Some properties of caves (like hanging position, several