Veress Márton: A Bakony természettudományi kutatásának eredményei 23. - Covered karst evolution... (Zirc, 2000)

Explanation of frequently used concepts

ponor is located at the end of a blind valley. As part of the catchment of the watercourse is retained, the ponor has a catchment. Doline-with-ponor: The chimney is exposed on a slope (eg. in the side of a valley). Although part of the slope runoff is collected in the resulting depression, the dolinewith-ponor has no markedly delimited catchment. Dolines-with-ponor are not larger some metres in diameter and their slopes are mostly formed on cover sediment. Particularly in the case of smaller ones, side-slopes are steep or even subvertical. Doline with ponor-like feature (pseudoponor): A doline-with-ponor which involved intensive erosion (gullies, valleys in cover sediment) induced by its development and, thus, a catchment can be identified. Depression: An undrained feature of uneven floor some tens of centimetres across and of several tens of metres outer diameter, developed in the cover sediments of the carbonate rock. The lack of drainage is often caused by a ring of exhuming or semiexhumed cones around them. In the areas of depressions there may be several recent karst features (doline-with-ponor). Half enclosed depression: A depression with drainage. Mature depression: Impervious deposits on the depression floor. Pseudodepression: The carbonate basement has a dissected surface, however, with no undrained feature below the depression. True depression: Below the depression, on the carbonate basement surface, an undrained feature had developed before the cover sediments accumulated. Postgenetic covered karst features As a consequence of the removal of the fill of a karst passage older than present-day karstification, a karst feature develops in the cover sediment. The older paleokarst passage may or may not be associated with a paleokarst depression. In the first case, postgenetic karstification is accompanied by depression formation (karstification dependent on depression) and, in the latter, it does not happen (karstification independent of depression). Karst landforms dependent on depression Subsidence pseudodoline: A landform without passage in the fill of old paleokarst depression. The depression is a complex one: its external part (the depression) has been eroded by sheet-wash, while the side-slope of its internal part has a steep wall in cover sediments and spotted with landforms of mass movement origin. Its diameter may reach 10 m and its depth may be more than 5 m. Doline-with-pseudoponor: It has a shape similar to the previous form but there is a water conduit in depressions of such origin. Postgenetic doline-with-ponor: A feature smaller than the paleokarst form and only occupies part of it. The cover sediment surface of the depression represents the catchment of this feature. Postgenetic karstification independent of depression Pseudodoline above passage: A feature without passage or catchment developed in cover sediments above the paleokarst passage.