Szili Ferenc: Somogy megye kereskedelme a kései feudalizmus korában 1700-1848 (Kaposvár, 1988)
XI. Követi utasítások az ipar iés a kereskedelem fejlesztése érdekében
While Greek and native merchants usually bought lands and vineyards, so to say real estate, which were the symbols of being rich, the Jews were not alllowed to buy any of these by decree, they could only do what law let them do. This is how they were forced to participate in trading activity on the lowest grade which made them possible to keep body and soul together and to perform a kind of social carrier. We have analysed the development of this three-graded trade and the interaction of its parts as follows. To take the first step we have examined the roads and transport of the county and as a starting point we reconstructed the system of roads in the 18th century, then we described modernization carried out from the first decade of the 19th century. Transportation cannot be separated from public security so we have examined this factor too. Then we described the cooperation of the counties, the water-way of the river Dráva, the technology of road con structi on and 'finally we made a sketch of the roads of the Reform Age. Consequently we can declare that the road structure of capitalism took shape this time, the trading and mail roads by lake Balaton and by the river Dráva were modernized and the roads running North and South were also reconstructed that time, so home trade as well as transit trade were becoming increasingly important. As the development of economy including capitalist commodity production is partly exhibited by holding markets which show the development of commerce in time and space we have described them too. We suppose that not only the number of markets but also the places where they were held are important because a market satisfied not only the needs of the habitation where it was held but also that of its surroundings. We have also examined the conflicts between big manor farms and market towns, then we summarized weekly markets and the ones connected with patronál festivals, the customs of holding markets and finally the trading activities of guilds. We have also examined the trading activity of manor farms which undoubtedly proves that from the second half of the 18th century they took part in home and foreign trade more and more actively because in the division of labour between Eastern and Western Europe the position of noblemen and that of certain peasant circles became more favourable. It is undoubtedly true that relating Western European countries the economic and political position of Hungary was diadvantegous being far from the centre of development as part of the outskirts and underdeveloped periphery. Her role in the Habsburg empire was similar. However from the last decades of the 18th century the development of the division of labour between the centre and the periphery meant not only subordination but also helped a future equalization. Taking into consideration the above findings and examining the .starting position' of Somogy we can state that far from the centre of development of Hungary the road it has taken wais different and specific from certain viewpoints. The trading activity of manor farms had two directions. 209
