Postai és Távközlési Múzeumi Alapítvány Évkönyve, 1995
Rövid tartalmi összefoglaló angol nyelven
designed by architects of the Hungarian Post, but construction was impeded by the Second World War, which was already in progress. The first transmitter equipment was supplied by Telefunken-AEG of Germany. The transmitter towers were built by the Hungary engineering firm Ganz-MÁVAG. The Diósd short-wave broadcasting transmitter went into operation on June 1, 1949. Ernő Beszédes, Júlia Kisfaludi, Mrs Gergely Kovács, Mrs János Solymosi, Anna Farkas Tóth: The Diligence Exhibition Hall The Diligence Exhibition Hall, reopened on the 75th anniversary of the Debrecen Postal Inspectorate, presents events of Hungarian postal and telecommunications history with special reference to Debrecen. Slaughtermen of old were always on the move. Apart from rounding up cattle for slaughter, they would carry messages and letters. In return for doing this free of charge, the members of the butchers’ gild were granted customs and tax concessions and freedom to slaughter, under a gild patent of 1478. Although Debrecen had a town postal service with a paid postmaster from 1656 and 1660, the slaughtermen’s post remained vital until the end of the Turkish period, ceasing altogether in 1720. From 1694 to 1695 there was a royal posting stage in Debrecen, in the house of the postmaster, Sámuel Diószegi. There were regular routes west towards Buda and east towards Várad. These were also ridden in 1703-11 by post boys of Prince Ferenc Rákóczi II, leader of the war for Hungarian independence. Charles III declared postal services to be an exclusive royal prerogative in 1722. The Post Office Patent issued by Maria Theresa in 1750 regulated the operation of posting stages and the conditions for regular carriage of passengers, money and parcels. The Debrecen post was directed by the Fáy family at the time. The postal service of the 1848-9 war of independence was Hungarian in its language and its insignia. This period is represented by a model of a diligence leaving Debrecen Posting Stage. After the defeat in the war, the symbols and traditions of the imperial post office returned, and it was run from Vienna again under Austrian laws and regulations, with German as its official language. The Debrecen postmaster’s office was placed in the area of Nagyvárad (GroBwardein, Oradea) Directorate. The 1867 Compromise was followed by the foundation of the Hungarian Royal Post, running its own affairs and using the Hungarian language and symbols. Under its first Postmaster-General, Mihály Gervay, this developed into an institution of a European standard with an international reputation. Postal deliveries were revolutionised in the second half of the 19th century by the spread of the railways. Internal combustion engines were introduced at the beginning of the 20th century, at first for motor cycles and later for delivery vans. A small provincial post office of the 1920s and 1930s has been assembled behind the counter in the middle of the hall, with equipment, furniture and postal machinery of the period. The Debrecen Postal and Telecommunications Directorate came into being on September 25, 1920. Anew postal mansion built for it in Neo-classical style in 1929-31. The first telegraph office in the town had opened in 1855, with a telegraph station equipped with a relief-writing machine. The first telephone exchange opened in 1888 with 52 297
