Folia Theologica 14. (2003)
Szabolcs Anzelm Szuromi: A Turning Point in the History of the General Councils of the West in the 13th Century (A Critical Summary on the Importance of the Constitutions of the Fourth Lateran Council [1215] According to its Theological, Canonical and Historical Aspect)
A TURNING POINT 169 third canon of Nicea II (787) had already declared that elections of bishops, presbyters, or deacons by secular authorities were invalid and had mandated the removal of those so elected from their office.34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 This canon found its way into several Gregorian collections of canon law.48 This surely had at least an indirect influence upon Innocent III, since he had studied canon law at the University of Bologna. We can say broadly about the Fourth Lateran Council that it treated the incompetence of secular authorities not only in the area of ecclesiastical offices, but in every spiritual activity proper to Universitatis Catholicae de Petro Pázmány nominatae III/4), Budapest 2002. 145-146. 34 Canon 16. 35 Canon 15. 36 Canons 17; 19. 37 Canon 21. 38 Canons 20, 22. 39 RADÓ, P., Enchiridion liturgicum, II. Roma 1961. 920-924. cf. SZUROMI, Sz.A., “On Preparation for Death in the 12th and 13th Centuries in light of contemporaneous ecclesiastical discipline” in Folia Theologica 13 (2002) 103-109. 40 Canons 23-32. 41 Canons 24, 26. 42 Dictatus papae, 3. Quod ille solus possit deponere episcopos vel reconciliare; 13. Quod illi liceat de sede ad sedem necessitate cogente episcopos transmutare; 21. Quod maiores causae cuiuscunque ecclesiae ad eam referri debeant. CASPAR, E. (ed.), Registrum Gregorii VII (MGH Epistolae selectae 2), II. Berlin 1899. 55a. FUHRMANN, H., “Papst Gregor VII. und das Kirchenrecht: zum Problem des Dictatus Papae” in La riforma gregoriana e FEuropa (Studi Gregoriani 13), Roma 1989. 123-149. 43 Canons 23-26. GAUDEMET, J., Le gouvernement de l’Eglise à l’époque classique. Le gouvernement local (Histoire de Droit et les Institutions de l’Église en Occident VIII/2), Paris 1979. 62. 44 GARCIA Y GARCIA, A. (ed.), Constitutiones Concilii quarti Lateranensis una cum Commentariis glossatorum (Monumenta luris Canonici A/2), Città del Vaticano 1981. 210; 317-318; 430. cf. ERDŐ, P., “A püspökök megválasztása a Decretum Gratiani szerint. A kijelölés kritériumai” in ERDŐ, P., Egyházjog a középkori Magyarországon, 182-199. Especially 189-190. 45 Canon 25. 46 FEINE, H.E., Kirchliche Rechtsgeschichte I. Die Katolische Kirche, Weimar 1955. 237-238. 47 COD 140. DS 604. 48 Ans. 6. 6. THANER 270. SZUROMI, Sz.A., A püspökökre vonatkozó egyházfegyelmi szabályok, 4- 20. c . D. 63 cc. -2 D. 63 d. p. c. 2 . ERDŐ, P., “A p spökök megválasztása” 186.
