Folia Theologica 6. (1995)
Gyula Takács: Die existentiale Interpretation der Gleichnisse Jesu
DIE EXISTENTIALE INTERPRETATION 125 ursprüngliche Situation im Leben Jesu selbst für die Gleichnisse auffinden und rekonstruieren, um die Gleichnisse von jenem ursprünglichen Kontext her interpretieren zu können. “The most recent school of Gospel criticism, that of Form- geschichte, or ”From-criticism”, has taught us that in order to understand rightly any passage in the Gospels we must inquire into the “setting in life” (Sitz im Leben) in which the tradition underlying that passage took form. The original “setting in life” of any authentic saying of Jesus was of course provided by the actual conditions of His ministry. But the form-critics rightly call our attention to the fact that the formed tradition of His teaching, as it reached us, has often been affected by the changed conditions under which His followers lived during the period between His death and the completion of our Gospels... We shall sometimes have to remove a parable from its setting in the life and thought of the Church, as represented by the Gospels, and make an attempt to reconstruct its original setting in the life of Jesus”53. Jedoch, den “Sitz im Leben” der ganzen Lehre Jesu, d. h. deren Mittelpunkt und Wesen, von dem aus Jesu Lehren und Handeln betrachtet werden müssen, bildet nach der Meinung Charles Harold Dodds jene Ansicht Jesu, das Reich Gottes sei bereits anwesend, das eschaton bereits in der Gegenwart verwirklicht. “These passages, the most explicit of their kind, are sufficient to show that in the earliest tradition Jesus was understood to have proclaimed that the Kingdom of God, the hope of many generations, had at last come. It is not merely imminent; it is here”54. Jesus lehrte in erster Linie wesentlich in jedweder Formulierung seiner Worte, das Reich Gottes sei schon bei uns angekommen. Die Gleichnisse Jesu sind also auch Gleichnisse über das bei uns auf Erden angekommene Reich Gottes, über die “realisierte Eschatologie”. Sie sind “the Parables of the Kingdom”, wie der Titel des Buches von Charles Harold Dodd sagt. 53 C. H. DODD, The Parables of the Kingdom, London, 1965 S. 85. 54 C. H. DODD, The Parables of the Kingdom, London, 1965 S. 33.
