Folia Theologica et Canonica 6. 28/20 (2017)

IUS CANONICUM - José Miguel Viejo-Ximénez, Raymond of Penyafort decretalist

RAYMOND OF PENYAFORT DECRFTALIST

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1. Life and works

1. Bologna: Professor of Canon Law

Raymond of Penyafort (Raimundus de Pennaforte) was born sometime between I 180 and 1185. Barcelona, Vilafranca del Penedés and the castle of Penyafort claim to be his birthplace. On November 20, 1204, Raymond appears as the scriptor of a sentence passed in Barcelona by «Raimundus de Rozanis» (Raymond de Rosanes), a canon of the cathedral7 * 9 10 11. This is the only documentation dating to this early period of Raymond’s life. Based on this source -and on an old biography (Sanda vita et miraculis fratris Raimundi, c. 1318) and chronicles dating from 1254 to 1312s- modern biographers assume that Raymond studied liberal arts, theology, and law at the chapter school of Barcelona, and that he was a cleric, a scribe, a notary, and a teacher’.

On April 25, 1218, «Ramundus de Pennaforti» and three other Catalonians signed as witnesses of the loan that a certain «magistro Rammundo» gave to «Petrus de Richesen» in Bologna"'. Raymond had probably arrived at the Italian city in 1211 and stayed there until about 1219". In Bologna, Raymond studied canon and roman law and became iuris doctor. In the prologue of the unfinished Summa Iuris Canonici (SIC) he calls himself professor: «Ego Raimundus Catalanus professor juris canonici»12.

As professor of canon law at Bologna, Raymond lectured on Gratian’s Dec- return (DG) and in the first Decretals Collections (Compilations antiquae), perhaps until the academic year 1218-1219. Parts of his teachings are preserved

7 Cf. Ries Serra, J. (ed.). S. Raimmdo de Penyafort. Diplomatario. Documentas, Cartas de San Raimundo de Penyafort, de Gregorio IX y de varias autores. Vida antigua, Crônicas, Procesos untiguos, Barcelona 1954, num. I.

# Cf. the Vita antiqua (Rius Serra, J., Diplomatario, 269-285) and the chronicles of Gérard Fradiét (t 1271) ]Rius Serra, J., Diplomatario, 331-333], Etienne de Salagnac (T 1290) [Rius Serra, J., Diplomatario, 334-335], Giovanni Colonna (fl 290) [RiUS Serra, J., Diplomatario, 335- 336], (Bar)Tholomew of Lucca (t 1321) [Rius Serra, J., Diplomatario, 337], Nicholas of Tre- veth (f 1328) [Rius Serra, J., Diplomatario, 337-338], Bernard Gui (f 1331) [Rius Serra. J.. Diplomatario, 338-339] and Peter Marsilio (t 1318) fRius Serra, J., Diplomatario, 340-344],

9 Other scholars are more cautious, cf. Valls i Taberner, F., San Ramon de Penyafort, Barcelona 1936 (repr. 1998)23-25.

10 Cf. Valls i Taberner, F. (ed.), El Diplomatari de Sant Ramon de Penyafort, in Analecta sacra Tarraconensia 5 (1929) 249-304, num. I.

11 Cf. Mandonnet, P., La carrière scolaire de Saint Raymond de Penyafort, in Annalecta Oridinis Praedicatorum 18 (1920) 277-280. Flowever, on the terminus ad quem cf. Baucells l Reig, J.. Documentat ion inedita de San Ramon de Penyafort y cuestiones relativas al supuesto canonicato barcelonés, in Escritos del Vedat 1 (1977) 69-96, num. I.

12 Cf. Balme, F. - Paban, C. - Collomb, J. (ed.), Raymundiana sen documenta quae pertinent ad S. Raymundi de Pennaforti vitám et scripta (Monumenta Ordinis Fratrum Praedicatorum Histo- rica ftV] VI, I—II), Romae 1898-1901. Il: num. III.