Folia Canonica 8. (2005)
STUDIES - Szabolcs Anzelm Szuromi: The Changes of Modern Era Relation of Church and State in Europe
THE CHANGES OF MODERN ERA RELATION OF CHURCH AND STATE IN EUROPE 69 (1903-1914), in his Encyclical Letter “Vehementer Nos”, rejected the French state intention of the establishment of cultural associations without any guarantee,23 while the French bishops attempted to apply the law of 1905 temporarily. After World War I, in 1921, the modified law required only establishing associations by diocese, which had to manage on their territory all Church properties under the presidency of bishop.24 Pope Pius XI (1922-1939), in 1924, requested French bishops to establish diocesan associations, which the French Bishop Conference, onFebruaryó, 1924, ordered.25 In Spain since March 16, 1851 relationship between Church and State was arranged by the Spain Concordat of Pope Pius IX ( 1846-1878) and Queen Isabella II ( 1833-1868). The agreement recognized only the Catholic Church in the Spanish Kingdom. As a consequence, on all level of education (university, college, seminary, school)—secular or private—student ought to be taught according to Catholic doctrine. With these the characteristic of Crowning of King remained ecclesiastical, too.26 The Spanish Civil War (1931-1939) and left-wing dictatorship broke temporarily the Church’s traditional relations connected to the Spanish State,27 but the new govde plein droit supprimées les allocations concédées, par application de l’article 11 de la loi du 9 décembre 1905, aux ministres du culte qui continueront à exercer leurs fonctions dans les circonscriptions ecclésiastiques où n’auront pas été remplies les conditions prévues, soit par la loi du 9 décembre 1905, soit par la présente loi, pour l’exercice public du culte, après infraction dûment réprimée. La déchéance sera constatée par arrêté du ministre des finances, rendu sur le vu d’un extrait du jugement ou de l’arrêt qui lui est adressé par les soins du ministre de la justice. Flores-Lonjou, Les lieux de culte, 236. 23Pius X. ep. encyclica „Vehementer Nos” (11 Feb. 1906): (...) Iamuero ista quidem et id genus cetera, quum ab Ecclesia sensim rem publicam seiungerent, nihil fuisse aliud apparet, nisi gradus quosdam consulto iactos ad plenum discidium lege propria inducendum: id quod ipsi hamm rerum auctores profiteri plus semel et prae se ferre non dubitarunt. - Huic tanto malo ut occuraret Apostolica Sedes, quantum in se habuit facultatis, totum eo contulit. Nam ex una parte admonere atque hortari gubernatores Galliae non destitit, etiam atque etiam considerarent, hunc quem instituissent discessionis cursum, quanta esset incommodorum consecutura moles; ex altera autem suae in Galliam indulgentiae beneuolentiaeque singularis illustria duplicauit documenta; non absurde confisa, se ita posse, qui praerant, tamquam iniecto officii gratiaeque uinculo, retinere in decliui, atque ab incoeptis demum abducere. (...) Pii X Pontificis Maximi Acta III. Romae 1908. 25-26. 24 Cf. Crouzil, L., „Les associations diocésaines sont-elles de simples associations?”, in Bulletin de littérature ecclésiastique 2 (1939) 61-71. 25 BOZSÓKY, P.G., Az állam és az Egyház kapcsolatai Franciaországban, Újvidék 1992. 115. 26 Szuromi, Sz.A., „A vallásszabadság érvényesülése a spanyol jogban az állami egyházjogot érintő jogszabályok és a nemzetközi megállapodások alapján”, in Kánonjog 4 (2002) 29-48, especially 29-32. 27 CÁRCEL OrtÍ, V., „La Iglesia durante la II Republica y la guerra civil (1931-1939)”, in História de la Iglesia en Espana, V. Madrid 1979. 340-374.
