Dr. Murai Éva szerk.: Parasitologia Hungarica 20. (Budapest, 1987)
The paramphistomum type of pharynx was designated by NÄSMARK (1937) for several species of amphistomes which were characterized by having no middle circular series. Later DINNIK (1964) and REINHARDT (1969) pointed out that this type has middle circular series which is easily seen in transverse section. Due to the resemblance of paramphistomum, calicophoron and ijimai types, DINNIK (1964) suggested to units them under the name calicophoron because the type species of the genus Paramphistomum has a different type of pharynx (liorchis). EDUARDO (1982) has also regarded these types synonymous With calicophoron (sensu DINNIK, 1964). Studying the structure of the pharynx of gastrothylacids , it was found that they have a type of pharynx without middle circular series. Therefore the author proposes to preserve the type of paramphistomum (sensu NÄSMARK, 1937) in this context. Accordingly, the paramphistomum type of pharynx is regarded to be valid and the basic difference between caJicophoron (sensu DINNIK, 19 64) and paramphistomum (sensu NÄSMARK, 19 37) is the presence (the former) or absence (the latter) of the middle circular series. 2. Gregarius type (Fig. 16) Interior circular units small but distinct. Middle circular series well-developed, extending in anterior third of pharynx. Exterior circular series close to periphery. Basal circular series weakly developed. Interior longitudinal fibres moderately developed, forming a thin layer. Radial fibres well-developed, representing evenly distributed bands, without tendency to ramification. Anterior, posterior and lip sphincters absent. (Valid for Carmyerius grega rius.) Figs. 17-18: Schematic representation of the types of terminal genitalia: 17= Terminal genitalia with cirrus pouch (key to abbreviations: cp - cirrus pouch; pc - prostate cells; vsi - vesicula seminalis internal; 18= Terminal genitalia without cirrus pouch (key to abbreviations: ga - genital atrium; gf - genital fold; gp genital pore; gpl - genital papilla; gs - genital sphincter; rf - radial fibres; sp - sphincter papillae; va - ventral atrium; vf - ventral fold; vs - ventral sphincter).
