Dr. Murai Éva szerk.: Parasitologia Hungarica 18. (Budapest, 1985)
BAER (1927) placed Bertia forcipata Linstow, 1904 in the synonymy of P. omphalodes. JOYEUX and BAER (1936) also regarded P. blanchardi (Moniez, 1891) as a synonym of P. omphalodes. SPASSKY (1951) considered B. forcipata Linstow, 1904 not to be a synonym of P. omphalodes and divided the latter species into two farms, "blanchardi" and "omphalodes". This concept has been adopted until the present time, particularly by Soviet authors (see summary in RYZHIKOV et al., 1978). RAUSCH (1951, 1952) reported for the first time the occurrence of P. omphalodes in rodents in North America and pointed out that the finding of this species recorded by HARKEMA was erroneous and that A. microti Hansen 1947 was involved in that case. In the opinion of TENORA and ZEJDA ( 19 74), the specimens found in rodents from North America and identified as P. omphalodes belong in fact to a new cestode species. COLLINS (1972) reported P. omphalodes in rodents from the Republic of South Africa (? , note of the authors) and regarded incorrectly P. acanthocirrosa Baer, 1924 as a synonym of this species. RAUSCH (1976) reported P. omphalodes from rodents from North-eastern Siberia and Alaska and withdrew the species P. blanchardi and P. acanthocirrosa from the synonymy of P. omphalodes. TENORA and MURAI (1980) redescribed P. omphalodes on the basis of their own material and the oldest available material studied by JANICKI, 1906. As to the character of the uterus development, they were of an opinion different from that of SPASSKY (1951, Russian text, p. 310, 311 : Uterus development like in P. brevis) . They agreed with RAUSCH (1976) that the uterus takes a reticular character during its development. RAUSCH (1982) repeatedly placed P. omphalodes to Holarctic elements. TENORA, HAUKISALMI and HENTTONEN (1985) placed P. omphalodes to the genus Andrya. In the present paper, the position of the testes in P. omphalodes is determined more exactly. The testes in the material studied by us always reached part of the ovary (Figs 3-5). In some cases, they extended up to the level of the middle of the vitelline gland (Fig. 4 ), in others behind the middle of the ovary (Fig. 3). The oldest data on the situation of the testes in this species were published by STIEDA (1862). In the figure drawn by this author the testes are situated aporally and do not overlap any part of the ovary. The similary position was observed only in the material shown in our Fig. 5 and in the specimens recovered from A. terrestris in Finland (compare TENORA, HAUKISALMI and HENTTONEN, 1985, Fig. l).Tn our case (Fig. 5) the testes only slightly overlapped the aporal part of the ovary and were distant from the vitelline gland. Also the ratio between the length of the cirrus sac and vagina is important for identification (see Figs 6, 7). The problem of the variability of P. omphalodes remains unsolved. 2. Paranoplocephala blanchardi (Moniez, 1891) (Figs 8-10) Material studied: 29 specimens of 4 host species. Hosts and localities: Microtus arvalis - Switzerland, Cudrefin, 9 September, 1974. leg. VAUCHER, 3 speci""mVns",""MHNG 974/254, ex 120/41. M. agrestis - Czechoslovakia, Vei'ka Fatra Mts, Lubochnianska dolina, 12-13 August, ""1980"Teg" MURAI, 4 specimens HNHM 1950/16289, 1958/16287.
