Dr. Murai Éva szerk.: Parasitologia Hungarica 18. (Budapest, 1985)
MATERIAL AND METHODS The results of our studies of the material of individual species are given below. As to the method of the species identification, the authors are not consistent in the opinion about the differentiating characters. The criteria used by different authors (particularly in identification keys) are various.For example DOUTHITT(19 15) used the length of strobila, number of segments in the strobila, width of body, or geographical distribution for the differentiation of Andrya species. BAER (1927) preferred the opening of genital organs (unilateral, alternating), number of testes and host specificity for the identification of Paranoplocephala species. RAUSCH and SCHILLER (1949 a) came to the conclusion that testes distribution, testes number and ventral longitudinal excretory canal size were of no value per se in the differentiation of the North American species of Andrya and that the average egg diameter seemed to be a reliable character, especially in combination with the above-mentioned character. RAUSCH and SCHILLER (1949) used the following characters for the differentiation of closely allied species of Paranoplocephala : situation of testes in relation to lateral excretory canals, number of testes, and length: width ratio of gravid segments. SPASSKY (1951) identified the species of the same genus on the basis of genital opening, body length, zoogeographical distribution, hosts, and length of cirrus sac, whereas RYZHIKOV et al. (1978) used the genital opening, number of testes and cirrus sac length. TENORA, HAUKISALMI, HENTTONEN (1985) preferred the following criteria for the identification of Andrya species: genital opening and situation of testes in relation to other organs. On the basis of our own experience we arrived at the conclusion that the following criteria (without any preference) may be used for the identification of Paranoplocephala species in various combinations: - Vagina short or long in relation to cirrus sac. Not widely used as a criterion. - Average diameter of scolex and suckers. - Number of testes and their distribution. - Situation of ovary: central, poral, aporal. This criterion is also not very exactly described. - Character of seminal receptacle. - Genital opening (unilateral, tending to alternation, irregularly alternating). This character has not been exactly set and is mostly described only as "unilateral" or "irregularly alternating". - Affinity of the species to different species of hosts and its zoogeographical distribution. - Average egg diameter. RESULTS 1. Paranocephala omphalodes (Hermann, 1783) (Figs 1-7) Material examined: A) Material deposited in theMuseum of Humboldt University in Berlin fromMicrotus arvalis, M. agrestis and Arvicola terrestris - described as "LECTOTYPE ,T by~TE~NÖR~Ä~an~d M"ÛRAT,"Ï980. B) 200 specimens of P. omphalodes from European rodents: Microtus arvalis: Hungary and Czechoslovakia M. agrestis: Federal Republic of Germany M. nivalis: Czechoslovakia Arvicola "terrestris: Czechoslovakia Pitymys subterraneus: Hungary C"l ê t h r i on o m y s "g lare o lu s : Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Spain and Switzerland Cricetus cricetus: Hungary The data of P omphalodes from Apodemus spp. (see TENORA and MURAI, 1980) need to be verified by new findings in these hosts.
