Dr. Murai Éva szerk.: Parasitologia Hungarica 16. (Budapest, 1983)
The conclusions above constitute the basis of the considerations which are often called as "rules", one of them is the so-called "FAHRENHOLZ's'one. According to this parasite phytogeny mirrors host phylogeny. ASHLOCK (1974) pointed out the pitfall of this rule and it was treated by him as an open question rather than a rule. INGLIS (1971), when examining the historical processes during which a given host-group could possession of its parasites, emphasized that the correspondence between distributional pattern of hosts and parasites is of more value to the student of parasites than to the student of the host. Many parasitologists believe that the process of speciation among parasitic helminths is that of the allopatric one and that the evolutionary alteration of the host population causes evolutionary alteration of the parasite population. Our observations are in accordance with these statements, indicating allopatric speciation, dispersal and vicariance as a result of host speciation and host dispersal. Diplodiscids of the Northern Continents show greater resemblance to each other than to those of the Southern Continents', exhibiting divergent centers of their evolution. Three formmaking areas can be postulated: 1) North American; 2) Eurasian; 3) South Continental in the late Paleozoic time from which diplodiscids had been radiated (Fig. 28). From the North American center the Opisthodiscus group vicariated while the southern distribution of this pattern (Megalodiscus) dit not spread further than the northern part of South America (Costa Rica: BRENES, 1961). Species of the genus Diplodiscus radiated to Europe, the Northern part of Africa and to Asia. The center of the Southern Continents gave rise to the origin of the pattern found in Australia (Australodiscus) , Southern part of Africa ( Progonimodiscus ) and South America ( Catadiscus, Pseudodiplodiscus) . Of the ancient stock the genus Dermatemytrema reached the northwest area (Mexico: PRICE, 1937) and colonialized another host-group (turtles). The author wishes to express his gratitude to J. R. LICHTENFELS (USNM, Belstville, USA), R. LAMOTHE A. (Dept. Biol. Univ. Mexico), J. KJENNERUD (Univ. Bergen, Norway), K. C. PANDEY (Univ. Lucknow, India), G. ANJANEYULU (Hindu College, India) for making available amphistome samples for examination. A szerző a Diplodiscidae fajok revíziójának alapján a korábbitól eltérően redukálta a család terjedelmét. A családon belül két alcsaládot (Diplodiscinae, Opisthodiscinae) különített el, amelyekbe nyolc genuszt ( Diplodiscus, Australodiscus gen. nov., Catadiscus , Dermatemy trema, Progonimodiscus , Pseudodiplodiscus , illetve Megalodiscus és Opisthodiscus) sorolt. Áttekintést ad a családról, közli az alcsaládok, genuszok és fajok határozókulcsát, valamint a mételycsoport filogenetikai és elterjedési sajátosságait. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS SEY. O.: A Diplodiscidae Skrjabin, 1949 család (Trematoda: Paramphistomata) terjedelmem
