Dr. Murai Éva szerk.: Parasitologia Hungarica 13. (Budapest, 1980)

MARK' s (1937) description of the Liorchis-type pharynx essentially the same situation is found. Our observations also agree with NÄSMARK' s (1937) description. Thus, there seems to be no solid ground for the designation of the modified Liorchis-type pharynx. The pseudo-Liorchis pharynx of VELITCHKO (1966) has no pharyngeal papillae, which is, in our opinion, the consequence of the soaking of these specimens (also supported by the observations of KATKOV et al. (1971). Thus, VELITCHKO (1971) and KATKOV et al. (1971) rightly came to the conclusion that P. hiberniae was a synonym of P. scotiae. After examining the type specimens of WILLMOTT's (1950) species, the author found that both of them have the same type of genital opening, the Gracile-type (Figs. 10-11), in the sense of the present paper and they are neither ichikawai- (

P. hiberniae WILLMOTT, 1950) nor Epiclitum- (

P. scotiae

. WILLMOTT, 1950; VELITCHKO, 1966) types. (For the sake of the comparision a photograph of the Epiclitum-type of genital opening in P. epiclitum is given: Fig. 12. ) VELITCHKO (1966) created a new genus: Liorchis for WILLMOTT's species and the division of the muscle units in the d. e. circular layer into three groups has been emphasized by her as the main generic character. As to this new type of acetabulum, reference should be made to NÄSMARK'

s (1937) observation, that the inner circular d.e.l and v. e. muscles of the Paramphistomum-type acetabulum sometimes lie in anatomically intermediate position to the outer parts of the same and to the circular d.e.2 muscles (p. 322), as for example in P. leydeni (Fig. 13). Having examined ten specimens of Liorchis scotiae, derived from VELITCHKO' s collection, I found that the picture of the d. e. muscle layer indicated by VELITCHKO (19 66) was exhibited in two specimens only and, at the same time it is worth of reminding that such an arrangement of the d. e. muscle units was not detectable in WILLMOTT' s preparations either (Fig. 14). Thus, this generic feature did not seem to be consistent and it is rather the consequences of the individual variations or the pre-fixative treatment. Therefore, it is believed that VELITCHKO'

s (1966) Liorchis-type acetabulum and genus are 'entirely within the category outlined by NÄSMARK (1937) under the genus Param phistomum. It was pointed out, in his earlier paper of the present author (SEY, 1974) that the anatomical pecularities tabulated by WILLMOTT (1950) were so variable that on the basis of them P. hiberniae and P. scotiae should be regarded as synonyms of P. leydeni. The present findings which were based on a much bigger collection of paramphistomids from different European sources than that of the above cited paper was (Hungarian material only!) reasonably justify nor is P. leydeni a valid species and together with P. hiberniae and P. scotiae they are synonyms of P. cervi

. P. cervi, in the sense of the present paper has been reported from most European countries (see check-list) both from domestic and wild ruminants, except from Belgium, Greece, Iceland, Luxembourg, Malta, Switzerland and the European part of Turkey. The wide distribution of this species in Europe is completely in accordance with the broad distribution of its numerous planorbid intermediate snail hosts (SZIDAT, 1937; GLUZMAN, 1969; KATKOV, 1973; KRANEBURG, 19T7; ODENING et al. (1978). Paramphistomum daubneyi Dinnik, 1962 Syns: Calicophoron ijimai of MIHAILOVA et al. 1974 Cotylophoron cotylophorum of GENTILE et al. 1977 Paramphistomum bothriophoron of MIHAILOVA et al. 1974 P. clavula of MIHAILOVA et al. 1974 P. microbothrium of KOTLÁN, 1958; of several Bulgarian authors (see later) P. microbothrioides of KOTLÁN, 1958; of ERHARDOVA, 1964 The first European occurrence of this species was reported by VISHNYAKOV et al. (1971) from Bulgaria together with P. microbothrium

. Subsequent authors of the above country did not inform on its repeated findings, moreover KAMBUROV (19 76) in a symposium lecture held on the species of the European paramphistomids did not mention the status of this species either as a valid or as a synonym of an other species. After examination of a countrywide collection of amphistomes from cattle, buffalo and sheep in Bulgaria SEY and VISHNYAKOV (197 6), however, have only found P. daubneyi, and they were of the opinion that the species described under P. microbothrium by different Bulgarian authors (MEREMINSKIÏ and VISHNYAKOV (1969); VISHNYAKOV et al. (1971); GENOV (1971); KORTLÁ et al. (1974);