Dr. Murai Éva szerk.: Parasitologia Hungarica 12. (Budapest, 1979)
P. indicum , C. indicum of NÄSMARK (1937) and P. gotoi of TANDON (1955) were available during preparation of this paper. Results and Discussion After the examination of the species which constitute the scope of this paper, Param phistomum epiclitum Fischoeder, 1904; Paramphistomum gracile Fischoeder, 1901 and Or- thocoelium giganthopharynx (Schad, Kuntz, Anteson et Webster, 19 64) proved to be valid and the status of the rest will be discussed under the relevant species. Paramphistomum epiclitum Fischoeder, 1904 This species was described from a South-Western Asian (Saigon) collection by FISCHOEDER in 1904. In East India it was found for the first time by GUPTA (19 63) in Pakistan and GUPTA and NAKHASI (1977) an India. In the course of the coUection of the present test material, made along the Hindustanian Lowland, this species was found to be one of the commonest rumen flukes. C. indicum , P. thapari and S. indica are regarded as its synonyms. From the point of view of justification of synonyms of P. epiclitum , indicated by the author is examination of validity and systematic position of C. indicum, seems to be essentially important. STILES and GOLDBERGER (1910) based on the description of this species six immature specimens, and their histo-morphology was studied on cross sections. In the diagnosis of this species presented by STILES and GOLDBERGER (1910) specific features were emphasized: the absence of oesophageal thickening, less sharply deliminated genital sucker (Fig. 1), much smaller genital atrium, post-bifurcal genital opening, in contrast to the then known other species of the genus, Cotylophoron cotylophorum (Fischoeder, 1901). There was no indication of the muscle elements of the acetabulum in the present sense. MAPLESTONE (1923) and FUKUI (1929) regarded it to be a synonym of C. cotylophoron . NÄSMARK (1937) himself did not examine the original type specimens but he was of the opinion that it is a valid species. His examinations were based on LOOSS' preparations coUected in Sudan. Having examined C. indicum of NÄSMARK (1937) it was obvious that it is not identical with C. indicum of STILES and GOLDBERGER (1910) (Fig. 2). It was PRICE and McINTOSH (1953) who examined median sagittal sections of C. indicum for the first time and they found that the acetabulum has d. e. 2 muscle layer (Fig. 3) and therefore they transferred this species to the genus Paramphistomum, named P. thapari Price et Mcintosh, 1953. MUKHERJEE (1968) while describing the life cycle of C. indicum , has also found d. e. 2 muscle layer in the acetabulum but he was of the opinion that the presence of the genital sucker has greater importance than that of the d. e. 2 muscle layer and therefore he replaced the species to the genus Cotylophoron. BAER (1950) has also accepted validity and systematic position of C. indicum. GUPTA and GUPTA (1977) and GUPTA and NAKHASI (1977) have conformed again the validity of this species. Examination of a median sagittal and a cross sections of C. indicum from STILES and GOLDBERGER's (1910) original collection it was found that d. e. 2 muscle layer was present in its acetabulum, as it was established earlier by PRICE and McINTOSH (1953). Otherwise, specimens, having such a structure of acetabulum, were found in a great number in our collection as well. Fig. 1: Cross section of the genital opening of Cotylophoron indicum. Fig. 2: Median sagittal section of C. indicum of Näsmark. Fig. 3: Median sagittal section of acetabulum (dorsal half) of C. indicum. Figs. 4-8: Median sagittal sections of genital openings (4= Cotylophoron indicum; 5= Paramphisomum epiclitum; 6= P. gracile; 7= P. cervi; 8= P. gotoi, of Tandon). Fig. 9: Median sagittal section of pharynx of P. gotoi, of Tandon (Figs. 1-2, 4-7 were taken with the same magnification).
