Vízrajzi Évkönyv 93., 1988 (Budapest, 1989)
Tartalomjegyzék
FOREWORD This volume of Hydrographic Yearbooks is published in the 104th year of existence of Hungarian Hydrographic Service. In this country the first organization responsible for the measurement and evaluation of the country’s hydrographic data and for flood prediction was the Hydrographic Section, established in 1886 by the Ministry of Public Works and Transportation. In accordance with changes in economic conditions and in requirements imposed against hydrographic activities, since 1886 the organization of the hydrographic service underwent several changes: the tasks of hydrography were performed from 1890 by the Hydrographic Section of the Ministry of Agriculture and later of the National Directorate of Hydraulic Construction of this Ministry, between 1929 and 1948 by the Hydrographic Institute sponsored by the Ministry of Agriculture, between 1948 and 1952 by different organizations of the water sector, between 1952 and 1976 by the Research Institute for Water Resources Development while since 1976 they have been managed by the Hydrographic Institute of the Research Centre for Water Resources Development and by district water authorities ana since 1988 by district environmental protection and water authorities. During the past century the hydrographic service managed the acquisition for basic hydrographic information required protection against floods and for water utilization. A part of hydrographic data is published in Hydro- graphic Yearbooks. The Hydrographic Yearbooks have been published with the aim of summarizing, disseminating, occasionally illustrating the main data characterizing the hydrological measurement and observation system, as well as the hydrological conditions in Hungary over the year, further of analysing the hydrological events and the variations thereof. The Hydrographic Yearbook comprises accordingly a chapter presenting 823 stream gages, 2387 shallow ground- water wells, 637 deep wells (on artesian- and karstic waters), 78 springs and 1355 meteorological stations, the sche- matical map of the standard network and the filing data of the networks. The main particulars of the hydrological and meteorological networks operated by the district environmental protection and water authorities, the Research Centre for Water Resources Development and the National Meteorological Service have been tabulated. The areal pattern of the stations within the network is shown on the maps attached 10 the Yearbook. The chapter entitled "Hydrological conditions over the year" describes the precipitation and air temperature characteristics, the evaporation conditions, the hydrological characteristics of surface waters, presents data on ice conditions and depths over fords, on the inundations caused by undrained surface runoff on pumped drainage, further the main hydrological characteristics of unconfined groundwater, springs and deep aquifers. The chapter on surface waters contains the daily stages on 156 gages, the daily discharge through 53 gaging cross section, further the water temperatures measured at 47 gages. Information is presented further on the sediment- and ice regimes on the major rivers, as well as on the variations in the depth over the fords on the Danube. In the cross sections where the streamflow rate is influenced significantly by surface slope, the streamflow has been determined in terms of the stage and surface slope, attaching also tfie auxiliary tabulations needed for the calculation. The data have been plotted in the form of stage hydrographs and diagrams showing the variations of cross-sections, water- and air temperatures, ice conditions and depths over the fords. The chapter on subsurface waters contains the water levels in 357 shallow wells, the hydrographs of 45 wells, the map showing the areal variations of the groundwater table, the water levels in 54 wells on artesian and those in 39 wells on karstic waters, the hydrographs for five deep wells, the yields of 19 springs and the yield hydrographs of two typical springs. The chapter entitled "Hydrometeorological data" contains monthly and yearly data of rain gages, the characteristics of snow cover thickness, snow-water equivalent and of evaporation from the open water surface. The major part of the hydrological observation- and measuring network belongs to the environmental protection and water authorities, where most of the observation data and records have been processed. The Hydrographic Institute of the Research Centre for Water Resources Development has been responsible for hydrological observations on the lake Balaton. The majority of the meteorological data has been made available by the National Meteorological Service. Comments on the present volume by the users of the Yearbook are invited and will be appreciated. Budapest, November 1989. Dr. L. I V i c s i c s Cand. Techn. Sei., scientific adviser Dr. L. G о d a Cand. Techn. Sei. Director, Hydrologic Institut Dr. L. Alföldi Doctor of Earth Sei. Director General, Research Centre for Water Resources Development-10-
