AZ ORSZÁGOS SZÉCHÉNYI KÖNYVTÁR ÉVKÖNYVE 1960. Budapest (1962)

IV. Könyvtár- és művelődéstörténeti tanulmányok - Summaries

efficiency, who worked for the Gregorian Church, and printed even old sources and documents. The recently found books were the property of Transylvanian Armenians according to the names inscribed in them. There is an ex libris too in several copies bearing the name of P. Zacharias Wertan de Donogan (Tonohanian)

, whose person was unknown till now. The author found that he was a Transylvanian-born Mechitarist (1782—1840) who taught Armenian children their mother-language in Dumbraveni (former Erzsébetváros) from 1808 to perhaps 1810. Additional materialto Vols I

—III. of „Régi Magyar Könyvtár" (Old Hungarian Bibliography) by K. Szabó Titles in the National Széchényi Library bibliographically not yet described. J. FAZAKAS In the 1959 volume of this yearbook we have begun to publish descriptions of hitherto unknown old Hungarian publications from our library, i. e. of such works, which did not appear in the fundamental bibliography of Károly Szabó (Régi Magyar Könyvtár. Bibliographia Hungarica Vetus. Vols. 1—3. Budapest 1879—1898). In the present study we describe five publications written in Hungarian, eleven in Latin, and two in German. The Hungarian ones all are calendars, the others are mostly occasional publications, some in verse. There is also a Latin pharmaceutical book among them. The Hungarian calendars are only fragments, from the end of the XVIth and the first half of the XVIIth centuries. The identification of three of them was by no means easy, because their respective years could only be determined by the indications of the lunar phases. These phases were computed by the calendar-makers through astronomical calculations with validity for a certain geographical place. The data did not agree, of course, with the respective positions of the moon according to the new moons in the Gregorian calendar. We had to make extensive investigations to determine the relation between the various lunar indications, in order to reach the definition of the individual years. The procedure may contribute to the methods of determining the dates of fragmentary old calendars from Hungary. (The results in detail are specified under item no. 24.) We wish to continue our descriptions in the next volumes of the yearbook. Persecuted poetry Suppressed, confiscated and prosecuted books of verse during the Horthy-régime G. MAKKOVITS The study describes the conflict between Hungarian poetry and censorship in the period between 1919 and 1944. It shows how the most outstanding Hungarian poets of that time defied the ruling classes and the state organs, using their own special means of expression: poetry. Intimidation was the main tool of the state and censorship. More than fifty „cases" indicate the way in which terrorization was used as a means of silencing the speakers. Though sham results were achieved by the censors, the struggle became increasingly acute: neither legal proceedings, nor bans and confiscations could bring a solution to the social problems of the era. 1919: Bonfires of books and black-lists mark the beginning of „censorship". The twenties were dominated by the persecution of the poets in emigration and their works, the more so, as at that time the literary life of Hungary was almost at a standstill. The thirties bring the annual reappearances of law-suits against that generation of Hungarian poets hallmarked by the names of Attila József, György Radnóti and Gyula Illyés. The reviving activity 351