Matskási István (szerk.): A Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum évkönyve 101. (Budapest 2009)
Bálint, Zs.: The butterfly taxa described by János Frivaldszky and their type material (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea)
Butterflies described by János Frivaldszky 177 she or he, was most probably belonging to the technical staff of the Lepidoptera collection, and misspelled the name of FRIVALDSZKY as "Frivalszky" (Fig. 10), suggesting unfamiliarity about the name, which is noble to all Hungarian entomologists. DISCUSSION AND CLOSING REMARKS The located type specimen of Aporia kreitneri and one of the syntype specimens of Callerebia loczyi were stolen. The original labels were taken away and replaced by new ones by ZSIGMOND VELEZ (1885-1954). After his retirement as a state officer in 1949, VELEZ started to work in the HNHM with exotic Lepidoptera (SZABÓKY 2007: 59). There are official letters, reports and work-plans of VELEZ in files of the Lepidoptera collection. Accordingly he was employed by the museum and belonged to the staff. He was a bachelor and when he died his collection was bequeathed to the museum. Then, and only then, it was discovered that voluminous Lepidoptera material has been taken away from the museum's collection by VELEZ. The HNHM run an inspection in 1955, and the file of the protocol was numbered as "863-029. 1955" - this number appears on the labels of all specimens originating from the VELEZ collection. It was revealed that almost all the specimens stolen were relabelled with his labels printed previously, filled them by hypothetical data, and the original labels were discarded. According to old files the National Museum of Hungary before the First World War was in tight connection with authorities like FRUHSTORFER, OBERTHÜR and STAUDINGER buying, exchanging or receiving syntypic or paratypic material from them. VELEZ kleptomaniac activity was the most destroying one, as although many specimens originally belonging to the museum returned, their type status cannot be verified anymore, just in very rare and almost unique cases as that of A. kreitneri lectotype. The data of VELEZ specimens are considered unreliable in general by the staff. In the early times of zoology, during the 18 t h and 19 t h centuries, specimens served as material tor first diagnoses of taxa were not labelled as such; they were not considered to be especially important. If the physical condition of such specimens was not satisfactorily they could be easily replaced with "better specimens" by the owner or the curator of the collection. Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung. 101, 2009
