Matskási István (szerk.): A Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum évkönyve 98. (Budapest 2006)

Makranczy, Gy.: Systematics and phylogenetic relationships of the genera in the Carpelimus group (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Oxytelinae)

these are in most cases secondary sexual characteristics for males and either less developed or absent in females (in a few very rare examples the horns are more developed in females). Number of species, distribution The subfamily includes exactly 2,000 named, extant species at the time of the last catalog (HERMAN 2001). Most species belong to three major lineages: (1) Bledius contains approximately 400 described species; (2) Carpelimus and Thinodromus combined have 600 (with approximately 400 and 200 described species in each of these genera, respectively); (3) Oxytelus and Anotylus have approximately 550 (150 and 400, respectively). The remaining ca. 400 species are shared among the smaller or more basal genera. The subfamily is distributed worldwide, although not all genera have a worldwide distribution. About half of the genera are known almost exclusively from temperate regions: Platydeleaster, Deleaster, Syntomium, Mitosynum, Coprophilus, Manda, Eppelsheimius, Ochthephilus from the Northern Hemisphere and Oxypius, Homalotrichus, Coprostygnus, Blediotrogus, Pareiobledius, Teropalpus from the Southern Hemisphere. Ecology and feeding habits There are two characteristic types of habitats for this subfamily: (1) moss, sand and gravel on banks of water bodies and (2) dung or decaying plant material. Among the genera of the Carpelimus group, referred to in HERMAN ( 19836) as the "Carpelimus lineage", the Carpelimus species are found in muddy riparian habitats along river and stream banks, at ponds, and they are ubiquitous in such habitats. Thinodromus and Ochthephilus typically prefer riparian habitats associated with fast, running waters, where they live in moss (Fig. 6), debris on banks (Fig. 7) or gravelly spots (Fig. 4); members of these genera prefer higher elevations and clean water, therefore their occurrence is more limited. The tropical taxa (e.g. Trogactus) can be found primarily but not exclusively at higher elevations, in a variety of habitats, but mostly in leaf-packs at the banks of fast streams (Fig. 8). They also occur at lower elevations, especially where there are no mountain ranges (e.g. Amazonia). The genera of the Thinobius group, referred to in HERMAN (19836) as the "Thinobius lineage", Thinobius, Neoxus and Sciotrogus, live in more sanddominated streambanks (Fig. 5). The genera of Blediini burrow in sandy riverbanks or seashores, usually well away from the water but in habitats that are still wet. Some of the taxa in the Oxytelini are often found in dung and some of the species are known to be associated with ants. Very recently, a couple of species of