Matskási István (szerk.): A Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum évkönyve 97. (Budapest 2005)

Bálint, Zs.: A review of the Neotropical hairstreak genus Annamaria with notes on further genera (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)

(type species: Papilio caranus STOLL, 1780), Denivia K. JOHNSON, 1992, Pseudolycaena WALLENGREN, 1859 (type species: Papilio marsyas LINNAEUS, 1758) and Theritas HÜBNER, 1818 (type species: Theritas mavors HÜBNER, 1818) belong to a large monophyletic group with distinct clades whose basal taxa have a frontoclypeus similar to Annamaria and Evenus s. 1. without this kind of ventral hind wing apomorphy. The sister group of Annamaria is unknown. ROBBINS (2004) suggested Evenus sensu D'ABRERA as sister group. No support has been given for this hypotheses, what I think is erroneous (see Discussion). History of nomenclature - KlRBY (1871: 395) selected Papilio ganimedes (Figs 1-2) as type species of Eucharia BOSIDUVAL, 1870. At the time of its establishment the name Eucharia of BOISDUVAL immediately became invalid as a junior homonym of Eucharia HÜBNER, 1820 (type species: Phalaena hebe LINNAEUS, 1767, Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) (HEMMING 1967: 171). To my knowledge Eucharia BOISDUVAL was never in use after 1899, but Eucharia HÜBNER was widely misapplied in the European literature for certain arctiid moths (see DE Figs 1-3.1-2: Papilio ganimedes CRAMER, 1775, original documentation. 1 = description of the species, 2 = dorsal and ventral figures of the syntype(s). 3 = The original description of Annamaria D'ABRERA et BÁLINT, 2001, from D'ABRERA (2001)