Matskási István (szerk.): A Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum évkönyve 95. (Budapest 2003)

Bernert, Zs.: Anthropological analysis of the Avar Period cemetery of Kereki-Homokbánya

Biological age was estimated by the following methods: For Infans I and Infans II age groups the number of teeth and their degree of development (SCHOUR & MASSLER 1944, UBELAKER 1989) and the length of limb bones (STLOUKAL & HANAKOVA cit. ÉRY 1992) was examined. For the age group Juvenilis the degree of ossification (FEREMBACH et al. 1979) was considered. For adults we estimated biological age on the basis of the surface changes of os pubis facies symphyseosa (TODD 1920) and the grade of ossification of cranial sutures (NEMESKÉRI et al. 1960, MEINDL & LOVEJOY 1985). We have also taken into consideration the alterations of the sternal end of ribs (ISCAN et al. 1984), the progress of demineralization of inorganic matters in the roots of permanent teeth (LAMENDIN et al. 1992). The wear of permanent teeth was also utilized for the estimation of age according to age-groups (PERIZON1US cit. ÉRY 1992, HUSZÁR & SCHRANZ 1952). Measurements and indices were scored following the work of MARTIN and SALLER (1957). We registered 33 skull measurements and 42 long bone measurements by the technique proposed by them. We measured both left and right side extremities. We calculated 13 cranial indices and 15 long bone ones from the data obtained this way. We utilized SJ0VOLD's (1990) method worked out for all racial circles and for both sexes, for the calculation of stature. Cranial capacity was calculated by the method of LEE & PEARSON (cit. ÉRY 1992). Cranial indices were classified according to the system proposed by ALEKSEEV and DEBETS (1964). The work of FARKAS (1972) was applied in taxonomical analysis. Pathological observations were taken macroscopically. The computer program created by BREINER was used in cluster analysis (BREINER 1988, FÓTHI 1989). Series were compared to each other on the basis of the average of male skulls

1 ten Martin-measurements (Martin 1, 8, 9, 17, 45, 48, 51, 52, 54, 55). The data of the following cemeteries were drawn into comparison: Adorján-Országút (BARTUCZ & FARKAS 1957), Adorján-Tanya (BARTUCZ& FARKAS 1957), Alattyán-Tulát (WENGER 1957), Bácskatopolya (FARKASA MARCSIK 1984), Csákberény (TÓTH 1962), Előszállás-Bajcsihegy (WENGER 1966), Érsekújvár (VLADAROVA & HANULIK cit. RÖSING & SCHWIDETZKY 1977), Fészerlak (FÓTHI 1988), Holiare (MALA cit. RÖSING & SCHWIDETZKY 1977), Homokmégy-Halom (LlPTÁK 1957), Jánoshida-Tótkérpuszta (WENGER 1953), Kassa-Zsebes (THURZO 1984), Kecel (LlPTÁK 1954), Kékesd (WENGER 1968), Keszthely-Város (WENGER 1977), Kiskőrös-Pohibuj Mackó (LlPTÁK 1956), Kiskőrös-Város (LlPTÁK 1983), Környe (TÓTH 1971), Kunszállás-Fülöpjakab (LlPTÁK & VARGA 1974), Leobersdorf (GREFEN-PETERS 1987), Madaras-Téglavető (LlPTÁK & MARCSIK 1976), Moravica (CZÉKUS 1985), Mosonszentjános (BARTUCZ 1929), Pókaszepetk (BOTTYÁN 1975), Solymár (FERENCZ 1983), Sükösd-Ságod (KŐHEGYI & MARCSIK 1971), Szebény (TÓTH 1961), Szeged-Kundomb (LlPTÁK & MARCSIK 1966), Szeged-Fehértó A. (LlPTÁK & VÁMOS 1966), Szekszárd-Palánk (LlPTÁK 1974), Szentes-Kaján (WENGER 1955), Tiszavárkony (LlPTÁK 19556), Toponár (WENGER 1974), Üllő (LlPTÁK 1955a), Veszprém-Jutas (BARTUCZ 1930), Virt (HANAKOVA et al. 1970), Zelovce (HANAKOVA & STLOUKAL 1974), Zwölfaxing (SZILVÁSSY 1980). RESULTS Characteristics of sexual expressedness The average of anatomical features presenting sexual dimorphisms was +0.80 with men and -0.86 with women, so the palaeoanthropological material of the Kereki-Homokbánya population bore a significant sexual dimorphism.