Matskási István (szerk.): A Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum évkönyve 94. (Budapest 2002)
Sziráki, Gy. ; Dulai, A.: Sarmatian (Late Miocene) arthropods from Tállya and neighbouring localities (Tokaj Mts, Hungary): preliminary report
the basin. The eutrophic lakes are oxygen-poor already at relatively small depths. The sedimentary formations are generally laminated in this environment because of the lack of the benthic animals, and consequently the lack of bioturbation. So, the laminated or thinly-bedded diatomaceous earth refer to eutrophic lake environment with anoxic bottom conditions. However, the formation of laminated layers requires at least some 10 m of depth. In the shallower part of the lakes the waves and the surface currents prevent the formation of anoxia and laminated layers. Therefore the insect-bearing laminated diatomite layers must have been deposited in an eutrophic lake which was deeper than 10 m. Similar eutrophic lakes formed in the Badenian (Middle Miocene) at the SW part of the Mátra Mts (Szurdokpüspöki) and at the SE part of the Börzsöny Mts (Szokolya). The diatomaceous earth layers with thin chert intercalations are deposited on andésite at these localities. The water of the Pliocene crater lake at Pula was also rich in dissolved Si0 2 , and diatoms were deposited in rock-forming quantity. Some insect fossils were published from this locality (KRZEMINSKI et al. 1997). A significant part of the examined arthropod specimens are aquatic animals (e.g. Brachiura, Notonectidae, Dytiscidae), or insects with aquatic larvae (Odonata and Ephemeroptera). At the same time there are some terrestrial arthropods in the studied material (e.g. Orthoptera, Coleoptera: Staphylinidae, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera) originated from the most likely arboreal habitats near to the lakes where the fossilization took place. DISCUSSION Representatives of eight insect orders (Ephemeroptera, Odonata, Orthoptera, Heteroptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera) were found in the Sarmatian (Upper Miocene) lacustrine deposits of Tállya and the nearby localities, within a circle of 12 km in diameter. Moreover, one false scorpion (Arachnoidea) and five specimens of probably one Brachiura (Crustacea) species were also collected. It means that - apart from Radoboj - this group of localities yielded the most diverse fossil arthropod assemblage in the Carpathian Basin and the neighbouring territories (Fig. 1 ). < Figs 2-9. 2 = Dytiscidae (Coleoptera) sp. from Rátka: Koldu (code number in CE: 12/1). 3 = Lepidoptera sp. from Rátka: Koldu (code number in CE: 11/1). 4-5 = Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) sp. from Tállya: Dorgó. (Inventory number in HNHM: M.2002.37). 4 = ventral imprint, 5 = dorsal imprint. 6 = Symphita (Hymenoptera) sp. from Tállya: Dorgó (code number in CE: 15/1). 7 = Chrysididae (Hymenoptera) sp. from Tállya: Dorgó (code number in CE: 15/16). 8 = Formicidae (Hymenoptera) sp. from Tállya: Dorgó (code number in CE: 15/13). 9 = Vespoidea (Hymenoptera) sp. from Tállya: Dorgó (code number in CE: 15/17)
